简答题
1. What are phonemes, phones, and allophones? Explain their relationship with examples from English or Chinese.
（北外2005）
2. What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? （四川2007）
3. What is the referential theory of meaning? （北交大2005）
4. 区别 phonetics and phonology
5. descriptive and prescriptive 含义
术语解释
1.Semantic Triangle （上外2008）
Ogden and Richard presented the classic “semantic Triangle” as manifested in the following diagram, in which the “symbol” or “form” refers to the linguistic elements (word, sentence, ect.), the “referent” refers to the object in the world of experience, and “thought” or “reference” refers to concept or notion. According to this view, there is no direct link between symbol and referent, that is,
between language and the world. The link is via thought, the concept in our minds.
2.Componential analysis (浙大2005， 北航2008）
3.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis （武大2004）
4.sociolect （首师2011）
5. Creole （上海交大2006）
6. Performatives:
utterances which are used to perform acts, do not describe or report anything at all; the uttering of the sentence is the doing of an action; they cannot be said to be true or false.
7. Conversational implicature （川大，武大，北交，北航…)
8. Cooperative principle （北二外，北师大）
9. Locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act （北航2010，北交大）
10.Interlanguage （北外，北航2010，上交2005）
11. Contrastive analysis （北航2010， 浙大2004）
