考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟(一)

考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟(一)

Reading Comprehension

The stretch of the Pacific between Hawaii and California is virtually empty. There are no islands, no shipping lanes, no human presence for thousands of miles—just sea, sky and rubbish. The prevailing currents cause flotsam from around the world to accumulate in a vast becalmed patch of ocean. In places, there are a million pieces of plastic per square kilometre. That can mean as much as 112 times more plastic than plankton, the first link in the marine food chain. All this adds up to perhaps 100m tonnes of floating garbage, and more is arriving every day.

Wherever people have been—and some places where they have not—they have left waste behind. Litter lines the world's roads; dumps dot the landscape; slurry and sewage slosh into rivers and streams. Up above, thousands of fragments of defunct spacecraft careen through space, and occasionally more debris is produced by collisions such as the one that destroyed an American satellite in mid-February. Ken Noguchi, a mountaineer, estimates that he has collected nine tonnes of rubbish from the slopes of Mount Everest during five clean-up expeditions. There is still plenty left.

The average Westerner produces over 500kg of municipal waste a year—and that is only the most obvious portion of the rich world's discards. In Britain, for example, municipal waste from households and businesses makes up just 24% of the total. In addition, both developed and developing countries generate vast quantities of construction and demolition debris, industrial effluent, mine tailings, sewage residue and agricultural waste. Extracting enough gold to make a typical wedding ring, for example, can generate three tonnes of mining waste.

Rubbish may be universal, but it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody knows how

much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That may be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in.

Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fuss surrounding New York's infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Americans the false impression that their country landfills had run out of space. It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planet ran expensive waste of time.1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that

A.a large part of the Pacific doesn't have shipping lanes.

B.most of the rubbish in the Pacific comes from the U.S..

C.the first link of the food chain of sea lives on plastic.

D.the quantity of rubbish in the Pacific increases day by day.

答案：D

[解答] 推断题。根据题干定位到第一段。从第一段末句得出D项“太平洋垃圾的数量日益增长”正确。A项夸大其词，文章只是讲到从夏威夷到加州的这段太平洋没有航道，而不是全部太平洋。B项偷梁换柱，尽管夏威夷和加州两个地方都属于美国，但文中讲到这部分太平洋的垃圾来自世界各地，而不只是美国。C项移花接木，文中只是指出一些地方的塑料比浮游生物还多，而选项中却将塑料说成浮游生物的食物。

2. The second paragraph mainly demonstrates

A.space garbage hazard towards people.

B.that people produce waste of all kinds with large amount.

C.whether people should take recycling into account.

D.Ken Noguchi five clean-up expeditions.

答案：B

[解答] 推断题。根据题干定位到第二段。第二段主要就是讲人类制造了大量的各种类型的垃圾，故B项符合题意。A项无中生有，第二段并未提及太空垃圾对人的危害。C项所讲内容出现在第五段中。D项以偏概全，第二段确实有所提及，但并非主要内容。

3. The example of Britain indicates that

A.a large proportion of waste is generated by developed countries.

B.there are many other kinds of rubbish besides municipal waste.

C.mining extraction generates large quantity of waste.

D.agricultural waste makes up a large proportion of the total.

答案：B

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。英国这个例子所表达的观点就在上一句中，城市垃圾只是最明显的一部分，也就是说还有很多其他类型的垃圾，故B项符合题意。A项文中并未提及。C项答非所问，观点确实属实，出现在第三段末句，但并非英国的例子所想要说明的。D项无中生有，文中只讲到会产生农业垃圾，但并未提及所占比重。

4. By mentioning the definition of waste, the author intends to

A.clear the misunderstanding of its meaning and its coverage.

B.state that people tends to like the new and hate the old.

C.manifest the fact people don't record things about rubbish by sarcasm.

D.prove that ignorance can lead to terror and inaction.

答案：C

[解答] 推断题。根据题干定位到第四段。垃圾的定义的前一句提到很多国家都缺乏对垃圾产生和处理的记录，这里作者用了讽刺的表达手法——反正垃圾就是人们不要了的东西，何必再记录下来呢。故C项符合题意。A项意为“澄清人们对垃圾的概念和范围的误解”，显然不是作者的真正意图。B项意为人们倾向于喜新厌旧，这也并未在文中体现。D项属于答非所问，其内容为文章末段表达的内容。

5. The incident of New York rubbish ship took place because

A.people were ignorant of the rubbish disposal capacity of their country.

B.government was in great dilemma of whether starts recycling or not.

C.economics was in such recession as not be able to dispose the garbage.

D.U.S. didn't have enough dump sites to digest the waste.

答案：A

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段。作者在末段首句就指出无知会造成恐慌，而纽约垃圾船事件正是这一观点的证明，因为无知，人们认为美国已经没有了垃圾处理场而惊慌，故A项符合题意。B项属于无中生有，C项是抽取文章最后一句的内容而成，D项并非事实，而是人们所臆想的，故均错误。

The United States is not (thank goodness) a culturally homogeneous country. It consists of many distinct moral communities. On certain social issues, such as abortion and homosexuality, people don't agree and probably never will—and the signal political advantage of the federalist system is that they don't have to. Individuals and groups who find the values or laws of one state obnoxious have the right to live somewhere else.

The nationalization of abortion policy in the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade decision created a textbook example of what can happen when this federalist principle is ignored. If the Supreme Court had not stepped in, abortion would today be legal in most states but not all; pro-lifers would have the comfort of knowing they could live in a state whose law was compatible with their views. Instead of endlessly confronting a cultural schism that affects every Supreme Court nomination, we would see occasional local flare-ups in state legislatures or courtrooms.

America is a stronger country for the moral diversity that federalism uniquely allows. Moral law and family law govern the most intimate and, often, the most controversial spheres of life. For the sake of domestic tranquility, domestic law is best left to a level of government that is close to home.

So well suited is the federalist system to the gay-marriage issue that it might almost have been set up to handle it. In a new land whose citizens followed different religious traditions, it would have made no sense to centralize marriage or family law. And so marriage has been the domain of local law not just since the days of the Founders but since Colonial times, before the states were states. To my knowledge, the federal government has overruled the states on marriage only twice. The first time was when it required Utah to ban polygamy as a condition for joining the Union—and note

that this ruling was issued before Utah became a state. The second time was in 1967, when the Supreme Court, in Loving v. Virginia, struck down sixteen states' bans on interracial marriage. Here the Court said not that marriage should be defined by the federal government but only that states could not define marriage in ways that violated core constitutional rights. On the one occasion when Congress directly addressed same-sex marriage, in the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, it decreed that the federal government would not recognize same-sex marriages but took care not to impose that rule on the states.6. The political advantages of a federalist system is that

A.people may have different opinions about abortion.

B.controversial opinions on certain social issues are allowed.

C.some states are more obnoxious than others.

D.people can move from state to state if they like.

答案：B

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词the political advantage of a federalist system定位到第一段。第一段提到，对于某些社会问题，人们的意见不统一，而且可能永远不会统一，随后提到联邦的政治优势——人们不必持有相同的意见。B项“可以容许人们对某些社会问题持有争论性观点”与此意符合，为正确答案。A项“人们可以对堕胎持有不同的观点”和D项“如果人们愿意，他们可以从一个州迁移到另一个州”只是人们不必持有相同意见的具体表现：C项“某些州比其他州更令人讨厌”是针对该段最后一句话设置的干扰项，与文意不符。

7. What we know about abortion law in American is that

A.it is illegal in all over America to have an abortion.

B.the Supreme Court had not interfered in abortion law.

C.abortion used to be a legal practice in most states.

D.abortion is still legal in most states in America today.

答案：C

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词abortion定位到第二段。第二段首先指出最高有关堕胎的全国性，随后指出，如果最高当时没有介入的话，那么现在堕胎在大多数州但不是所有州都是合法的。这说明，堕胎以前在大多数州合法。C项“在大多数州，堕胎以前是合法行为”与此意符合，为正确答案。其他三项均与题意不符。

8. The local government is often responsible for local domestic law affairs because

A.the Supreme Court deems it a big burden.

B.this way of handling domestic laws guarantees a better stability.

C.local families resent the decisions made by the Supreme Court.

D.the moral diversity is stronger on the local level of government.

答案：B

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词local domestic law affairs定位到第三段。第三段提到道德法规和家庭行为准则，指出为了家庭的稳定，家庭行为准则最好交给离家庭最近的那一级掌管。这说明，原因是为了稳定。B项“管理家庭行为准则的这种方式确保了更好的稳定”与此意符合，为正确答案。其他三项都属于无中

生有。

9. The author seems to think that gay marriage should be

A.left to the decision of individual state government.

B.the sole responsibility of the federal government.

C.banned on both the federal and the local levels.

D.overruled by the Supreme Court as soon as possible.

答案：A

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词gay marriage定位到最后一段。最后一段提到，在一个公民遵从不同宗教传统的新国家，把婚姻和家庭行为准则集中化毫无道理，所以，婚姻一直是地方法律的管辖领域。这说明，作者认为，同性婚姻应该由地方处理。A项“留给当事人所在的州决定”是对文中相关信息的概括，为正确答案。其他三项均与题意不符。

10. We can learn from the text that

A.the federal government and the local government may have different rulings concerning the legal status of gay marriage.

B.the federal government has a long history of interfering in the decisions concerning marriage issues on local levels.

C.the federal government has never made a clear expression about their decision concerning

gay marriage.

D.if local government allows gay marriage then that marriage will also be recognized by the federal government.

答案：A

[解答] 推断题。最后一段提到，婚姻一直是地方法律的管辖领域，国会宣称，联邦不承认同性婚姻，但不会把这一决定强加给各州。这说明，联邦和地方都可以对同性婚姻做出自己的决定。A项“联邦和地方可能对同性婚姻的法律地位问题做出不同的规定”与此意符合，为正确答案。B项、C项与原文不符；D项原文未提。

The teenagers are clustered around lunch tables, wolfing down heaps of beans on toast or pasta with a spicy eggplant sauce, buttering their bread, peeling oranges. These kids are refueling. It is midway through week five of a six-week sports camp, and they have spent the morning running and doing basketball drills. That—along with the fact that they are, after all, teenagers—means they are hungry.

Based at Leeds Metropolitan University, the Carnegie International Camp is Britain's first summer weight-loss program for children, and their counselors know exactly how many calories are on those lunch plates. Some 40 boys and girls, 11 to 17, pay $550 a week to be put on monitored meal plans, attend nutrition classes, have their body fat measured and, every day, exercise until they are ready to drop—or at least feign knee injuries. All of these kids had to be around 35% above the World Health Organization's mean recommended weight to be accepted and chose to spend their summer vacations this way.

It is nice, some of the campers say, to be someplace where they are not outcasts: where some of them, for the first time ever, can make friends, go on dates, and get special attention in sports

classes, rather than get chosen last. By summer's end the weight losses were not dramatic. Most campers shed around 2 kg a week. That slow, steady loss, rather than some dramatic disappearance of pounds that will reappear by Christmas, is exactly what Paul Gately, the camp's founder and a lecturer in exercise physiology and health at the university, intended. \"The main aim is to encourage them to be active and competent at sports, and then they'll get confident,\" he says. \"And if you get them early you can prevent diseases later in life.\"

In our weight-obsessed society, it is sometimes easy to forget that more than a cosmetic issue fat is also a pressing health concern. Gately is a member a small European community of health and medical professionals who are focusing on one of the regions, most serious and most misunderstood health problems: obesity. Obesity is defined by WHO as a body mass index (BMI)—one's weight in kilograms divided by the square of one's height in meters—equal to or greater than 30. A person 1.78rn tall and tipping the scales at 125 kg, for example, would have a BMI of 39.5, definitely obese. It is a risk factor for a wide range of serious medical conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, stroke and certain forms of cancer, gall bladder disease and joint problems.11. The first paragraph is mainly written to

A.explain why children take part in the weight loss program.

B.describe what children usually take as their lunch food.

C.persuade how to supply energy for children's body.

D.illustrate how hungry those teenagers are when in the sports camp.

答案：D

[解答] 推断题。根据题干定位到第一段。文中指出：十几岁的孩子围坐在午餐桌旁，狼吞虎咽地吃着烤

面包片上的一堆豌豆，或者就着辛辣的茄子酱大口大口地嚼着意大利面，再为面包抹上黄油，剥掉橘子皮。这些孩子正在为身体补充能量。为期6周的体育夏令营已经过了5周半的时间，这天上午孩子们一直在跑步和进行篮球练习。他们毕竟才十多岁——这使得他们饿极了。因此推断出正确答案应为D项。

12. The author mentions the Carnegie International Camp to illustrate that

A.it is the first summer weight-loss program for children in the Great Britain.

B.it requires that children should eat less and exercise more for weight-loss.

C.it is a profit-making company founded by the World Health Organization.

D.it is set up for building up children's confidence and health awareness.

答案：D

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词Carnegie International Camp定位到在第二、三段。文中提到夏令营的发起人所主张的是缓慢、持续的减肥，“主要的目的是鼓励他们积极参加体育锻炼。并且玩得很在行，这样一来，他们就会变得很自信”“早一点儿开始锻炼，可以预防以后生病”。因此，正确答案应为D项“此体育夏令营建立的宗旨是为了培养孩子们的自信心和健康意识”。

13. Some children in the sports camp like it because

A.it provides them an opportunity to make friends with others.

B.it helps them to lose lots of weight very quickly.

C.it offers them a chance to be specifically outstanding.

D.it fills them with a lot of delicious food and drinks.

答案：A

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。一些参加夏令营的孩子说，他们很高兴能来到一个不被别人另眼相看的地方；在这里，他们中的一些人甚至是生平第一次交朋友、赴约会，第一次在体育课上不再被排在最后，而是得到特别的关照。夏令营结束时孩子们体重降低的幅度并不太大。因此，本题的正确答案为A项。

14. Which of the following is not one of the results caused by overweight according to this passage?

A.Lack of confidence.

B.Kinds of diseases.

C.Cosmetic problems.

D.Economic stress.

答案：D

[解答] 细节题。根据上文可以推断出肥胖会使人缺乏自信。第四段指出，在我们这个为体重所困扰的社会里，人们有时候却很难记住，太多脂肪除了影响美容之外，也是一个紧迫的健康问题。因此A、B、C项都是肥胖引发的问题，只有D项没有提到，选D项。

15. The main topic of this passage is about

A.how to lose weight.

B.what the overweight is.

C.why lose weight.

D.where to lose weight.

答案：C

[解答] 主旨题。通读全文主要内容之后我们可以发现，全文是围绕着减肥的原因问题写的。因此，本题的正确答案应是C项“为什么减肥”。

Everywhere you look in contemporary America you see a people engaged in the pursuit of happiness. You can see it in work habits. Americans on average not only work longer and harder than most Europeans, but endure lengthy commutes to and from work. You can see it in geographical mobility. About 40 m of them move every year. They are remarkably willing to travel huge distances in pursuit of things like bowling conventions and so on. And you can see it in the country's general hopefulness: two-thirds of Americans are optimistic about the future.

Since Americans are energetic even in deconstructing their own founding principles, there is no shortage of people who have taken exception to the happiness pursuit. They range from conservatives like Robert Bork, believing the phrase summarizes the \"emptiness at the heart of American ideology\

One criticism is that the pursuit is self-defeating. The more you pursue the illusion of happiness the more you sacrifice the real thing. The other side of mobility is turmoil and anxiety, broken marriages and unhappy children. Americans have less job security than ever before. They even report having fewer close friends than a few decades ago. And international studies of happiness suggest that people in certain poor countries, such as Mexico, are apparently happier than

Americans.

Another criticism is that Americans have confused happiness with material possessions. It is notable that Thomas Jefferson's call echoes Adam Smith's phrase about \"life, liberty and the pursuit of property\". Do all those pairs of Manolo Blahnik shoes really make you happy? Or are they just a compensation for empty lives like in the soap opera Sex in the City?

If opinion polls on such matters mean anything—and that is dubious—they suggest that both these criticisms are flawed. A 2006 Pew Research Centre study—\"Are we happy yet?\"—claims that 84% of Americans are either \"very happy\" or \"pretty happy\". The Harris Poll's 2004 \"feel good index\" found that 95% are pleased with their homes and 91% are pleased with their social lives. The Pew About sponsorship polls show that money does indeed go some way towards buying happiness. They also suggest that Americans, devotion to religion makes them happier still.

The pursuit of happiness accounts for all sorts of peculiarities of American life: from the $700/m spent on self-help books per year to the irritating dinner guests constantly looking at their BlackBerry cell phones. This pursuit may even help to explain the surge of anti-Americanism. Many people dislike it precisely because it is doing exactly what Jefferson intended. For some Europeans, the pursuit of happiness in the form of monster cars and mansions is objectionable on every possible ground. You cannot pursue happiness with such conspicuous enthusiasm without making quite a lot of people around the world rather unhappy.16. The author mentioned Robert Bork to

A.prove Americans are enthusiastic about interpreting their founding principles.

B.illustrate that many Americans pursue happiness.

C.indicate that some Americans do not favor the happiness pursuit.

D.justify the pursuit of happiness in America.

答案：C

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到前两段。从上文可以得知反对“追求幸福”的也是大有人在，然后作者举例提到罗伯特·波克，这证明他就是属于反对者之列。因此C项为正确答案。其他三项均与原文不符。

17. According to the passage, American people's pursuit of happiness

A.can be found in everyone's work and life.

B.is reflected in their working attitudes.

C.is criticized as a cause for social problems.

D.did not make them happy at all.

答案：C

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。根据第三段第三句可知：人口流动性的负面影响是动荡和焦虑、破裂的婚姻、不快乐的孩子等。再结合该段首句可知，流动性恰恰是人们追求所谓的幸福造成的。因此C项正确。A项、D项属于过度推断。B项与原文不符。

18. We can infer that Thomas Jefferson and Adam Smith

A.mistook material wealth for happiness.

B.did not share their views on the happiness pursuit.

C.criticized the pursuit of happiness.

D.believed life, liberty and material pursuit were equally important.

答案：A

[解答] 推断题。根据题干定位到第四段。文章举托马斯·杰斐逊和亚当·斯密的例子是为了说明一个观点的，这个观点就是段首主题句：美国人将幸福和物质财富混为一谈。因此A项“错将物质财富当作幸福”是正确的。B项、C项与原文不符。D项属于无中生有，原文并未将这些进行比较。

19. Which of the following statements is true according to the last two paragraphs?

A.Opinion polls proved that happiness can be bought.

B.Opinion polls suggest that most Americans are happy because of religion.

C.Some Europeans dislike Americans because of Jefferson's opinion.

D.Americans' pursuit of happiness has irritated a lot of people.

答案：D

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到最后两段。第六段指出：美国人追求幸福的特点能够解释为什么很多人不喜欢美国。第五段提到钱确实能够朝着购买幸福的方向发展，但并不是已经证实了钱可以购买幸福，A项错误。美国人对宗教的虔诚使他们更幸福，但并不能得出多数美国人因为宗教而幸福的结论，B项错误。C项与最后一段最后一句意思不一致。

20. What is the passage mainly about?

A.The reason why Americans pursue happiness.

B.The seeking of happiness in America.

C.The benefits and drawbacks of happiness pursuit in America.

D.The results of happiness pursuit in America.

答案：B

[解答] 主旨题。从文章各段首句能看出来，本文围绕“追求幸福”这一现象。给出对这一现象的非议和对于这些非议的反驳，最后提到“追求幸福”涉及美国生活各个方面。因此B项最具有概括性，指在美国追求幸福的情况。其余几个选项都具有片面性。C项有一定干扰性，文章确实涉及对比“追求幸福”这种现象的不同态度，但态度对比不是文章的全部内容，更没有涉及利弊对比。A项错误，全文并非围绕美国人追求幸福的原因展开。D项太片面，只提到追求幸福的结果，没有概括其他讨论的方面。

The good news made headlines nationwide: Deaths from several kinds of cancer have declined significantly in recent years. But the news has to be bittersweet for many cancer patients and their families. Every year, more than 500, 000 people in the United States still die of cancer. In fact, more than half of all patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease within a few years. And while its true survival is longer today than in the past, the quality of life for these patients is often greatly diminished. Cancer—and many of the treatments used to fight it—causes pain, nausea, fatigue, and anxiety that routinely go undertreated or untreated.

In the nation's single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care, which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease. Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy. Yet the National

Cancer Institute (NCI), the federal government's leader in cancer research and training, spent less than one percent of its 1999 budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care.

The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering. NCI should commit to and fund research aimed at improving symptom control and palliative care. NCI also could designate \"centers of excellence\" among the cancer centers it recognizes. To get that designation, centers would deliver innovative, top-quality palliative care to all segments of the populations the centers serve; train professionals in medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and other disciplines to provide palliative care; and conduct research.

Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between active treatment or hospice care. This \"either/or\" approach does not readily allow these two types of essential care to be integrated. The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less. The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.

That makes hospice enrollment an obvious deterrent for many patients. And hospices, which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in administering palliative care, cannot offer their services to people who could really benefit but still are pursuing active treatment.

It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. Death is inevitable, but severe suffering is not. To offer hope for a long life of the highest possible quality and to deliver the best quality cancer care from diagnosis to death, our public institutions need to move toward policies that value and promote palliative care.21. Palliative care is concerned with improving patients'

A.survival rates.

B.quality of life.

C.lifespans.

D.options for health insurance providers.

答案：B

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词palliative care定位到第二段。第一句提到，国家专心致志地把精力集中于治疗癌症……姑息治疗主要是为了减轻患病过程中生理上和心理上的症状。由此可知，姑息治疗的主要目的是提高病人的生活质量，故B项正确。

22. According to the author, research on palliative care for cancer

A.is more important than research for cancer cures.

B.has been overlooked by researchers.

C.is virtually non-existent.

D.is regarded by researchers as a frivolous topic.

答案：B

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词research，palliative care定位到第二段。文中提到，我们无意间忽视了对姑息治疗的急切需求……国家癌症研究所1999年只花费了不到百分之一的预算用于姑息治疗的研究和培训。

国家癌症研究所应该投入并资助旨在改进症状控制和姑息疗法的研究。由此推知B项正确。A项、D项(frivolous意为“不重要的”)在文中没有依据，C项与原文内容不符。

23. The main problem of insurance coverage for hospice care and active treatment is that

A.it does not allow patients to seek both.

B.it only covers patients whose life expectancy is less than six months.

C.it deprives patients of the right to choose between two proven treatment methods.

D.hospice care is only covered when it may extend a patient's life expectancy.

答案：A

[解答] 细节题。根据关键词insurance coverage, hospice care and active treatment定位到第四段。第一句提到，姑息治疗和晚期病人安养所治疗的保险险种迫使人们在积极治疗和晚期病人安养所治疗两者之间做出选择，这也是导致问题产生的部分原因。这种“二选一”的做法不允许两种必不可少的治疗结合起来。由此可知，A项正确。B项不是主要问题，C项、D项与原文第四段内容不符。

24. Hospices offer cancer patients

A.an alternative to palliative care.

B.comfort in their early stages of illness.

C.skilled and experienced palliative care.

D.an alternative to active treatment.

答案：C

[解答] 细节题。根据题干定位到第五段。第二句提到。虽然收容所可能拥有技术最高明的开业医生和进行姑息治疗最丰富的经验，但它不能为能够真正获益但仍在寻求积极治疗的人提供服务。由此可知，C项符合此意。A项、D项都与后半句内容正相反；B项与第四段第三句不符，晚期病人安养所的医疗保险金是专门为晚期病人而设的，而不是为早期病人设立的。

25. This text is mainly about

A.improving cancer research in the U.S..

B.reforming insurance coverage for cancer patients.

C.understanding different options for cancer treatment and care.

D.reducing the suffering of cancer patients.

答案：D

[解答] 主旨题。文章第一段指出现状：对于癌症治疗而引起的负面症状通常没有得到合理的治疗或者根本没有得到治疗。第二、三段指出国家要加强姑息治疗研究以减轻患病治疗过程中生理和心理上的症状的必要性，第四、五段介绍了晚期病人安养所治疗的保险计划：最后一段总结上文，再次强调要重视并且推动姑息治疗。由此可见，全文都围绕着如何推动姑息治疗、减少癌症病人痛苦这一中心。因此，D项正确。其他三项都是文中细节，不能概括全文。