定语从句
1.定语从句在句中所放位置：定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词（词性）。 定语从句放在先行词后面。
1.位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。 3.关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
2.定语从句分类：定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 初步了解非限定性定语从句： There are 50 students in our class. The students who likes playing basketball
are studying in the classroom There are 50 students in our class. The students, who likes playing basketball,
are studying in the classroom
I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China
性定语从句与非性定语从句的区别： 类别 性定语从句 语法意义及特征 对先行词起修饰作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 例句 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非性定语从句 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、who、whom, which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，why，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。 I can’t remember the day when I left you I like the place where I was born.
3定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
定语从句表格一
关系词 who 先行词 人 从句成分 主语 例句 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? 备注 whom whose 关系代词 that Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am 人 宾语 working whom, which和The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. that在从句中I like those books whose topics are about 做宾语时，常可history. 人，物 定语 以省略，但介词The boy whose father works abroad is my 提前时后面关deskmate. 系代词不能省A plane is a machine that can fly. 略，也不可以用人，物 主语，宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very that much. 物 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. 主语，宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. which as He is such a person as is respected by all as做宾语一般人，物 主语，宾语 of us. 不省略 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 时间 地点 原因 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 I will never forget the day when we met 可用on which there. This is the house where I was born. 可用in which I can’t imagine the reason why he turned 可用for which down my offer. when 关系where 副词 why 表格二
关系词 that which who whom whose when where why as 主语 人/物 物 人 × × × × × 宾语 表语 定语 × √ × × 状语 √ × × × 说明 不能用于非性从句 who可代替whom作宾语 人/物 √ 物 √ 人 × × × × × √ × × × × × 人/物 × × × × √ √ √ 主要用于非性的定语从句和such…as…, the same...as..., as... as...结构中 表格三
代替从句中的成分 为人 主语 宾语 定语 Who ，that Whose of whom 为物 Which ，that Whose of which Who ,whom ,that , 省略 Which ，that, 省略
注意：1. ：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
I will never forget the day when I first went to school. I will never forget the day which/that we spent in Beijing. The house which/that we visited is being repaired now. The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now. (小结)解题步骤：
1. 通读全句，首先判断是什么句型；
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式； 3. 找出从句部分及先行词；
4. 分析从句的句子结构，判断从句中所缺的成分，缺主语、宾语或定语用关
系代词；不缺主语、宾语或定语时选用关系副词做状语。
2．下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。
1.先行词是指物的不定代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything,
nothing, everything等时。
如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.
2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修
饰。
如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
3. 行词既包括人，也包括物。
如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they
see on the road.
4.当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：who is the man that opened up the lab.
3.whose 用法及转换形式
1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。
Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green.
2. Whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： 即whose+名词=the +n + of which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south. = He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.
4. 介词＋关系代词
(1) \"介词＋关系代词\"可以引导性定语从句，也可以引导非性定语
从句。\"介词＋关系代词\"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。 例:Is that the house in which you live ? 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
5.怎样区别名词性从句和定语从句 That’s you said
That’s all you said I am good at what I like
I am good at the thing I like
6.名词性从句中的that, which 和定语从句当中的that, which 有什么区别？ 练习 定语从句
1． Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what
3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were talking about ______ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them
4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 5. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which
6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which 7. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.
A. Anyone B. those who C. However D. The one who 8. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which
9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was 10. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which
