高中英语课文

来源：华拓科技网

必修一

Unit 1

ANNE’S BEST FRIEND

Do you want a friend _______ you could tell everything to, like your ________ __________ and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would ________ ______ you, or would not understand what you are _________ __________? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.

Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to ________ or they _______ ________ _______ by the German Nazi .She and her family _______ _________ for nearly twenty-five months before they were ______. During that time the only true friend was her ______. She said ,”I don’t want to ________ _______ _____ ______ ______ ________ in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after______ in the _______ place since July 1942.

Thursday 15th June 1944

Dear Kitty,

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be _______ for so long that I’ve _______ so ______ __________ everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was _____ ______ ______ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.

…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I _______ _______ _______ _____ until half past eleven in order to _______ ______ _______ ______ at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I ______ ______ open a window. Another time five months ago, I ______ _______ ______ upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had _____ ______ _______. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the ________clouds held me _______ in their _______; it was the first time in a year and a half that I_______ ______ the night ______ ______ ______….

…Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains ________ before very dusty windows. it’s _______ ________ looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really ________ _________ __________.

Your, Anne Friday, 10 July 1942

When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly _______ and _______ the hiding place. We closed the door ______ us and we were _______. Margot had come faster _____her bicycle and already waiting for us. All the rooms ______ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ boxes. They ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the floor and the beds. The little room ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ bedclothes. We had to start ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ at once, if we wished to sleep in __________ beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were ＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once.

The whole day we ＿＿＿＿ the boxes, ＿＿＿＿ cupboards and ＿＿＿, until we were ＿＿＿＿＿ tired. We ＿＿＿＿＿＿ in clean beds that night. We hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but we didn’t care. Mummy and Margot were too _______ and _______ to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.

FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAII

Every ________ has its own ways to ＿＿＿＿ friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians ＿＿＿＿first ＿＿＿＿ the islands long ago, aloha had a very ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. That is “to be with happiness”.

Hawaiians believe that _______ somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or ＿＿＿＿＿. This is the second most important _____ of friendship. It is called lokahi ____ Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be ____. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. _____, Hawaii is a place ______ people make one big _______ from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell ____. It’s ______ that the islands can be a _______ when the people live______ _____. People are told that their actions should be as _____as the ______ that _______ from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to______ them with ______. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who live on the islands.

_______ in peace, Hawaiians have ______ _____ ____ sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to _____ ______. The lei, a _____ of flowers, is put ____a friend’s neck. Then the friend is given a kiss _____ ______. Visitors to the islands are also given leis. When they hear aloha, visitors begin to _______ _____ _____. Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “our _______ singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.

Unit 2

THE ______ _______ _______ENGLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. _______ in the next century, people from England _______ _______ to _____ other parts of the world and ______ ________ that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ______ ________.

_______ English speakers can understand ______ ______ even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Look at this kind of example:

British Betty: Would you like to see my_______? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your ________. So why has English changed ______ _______? Actually all languages change and _______ when ______ _________ _______ ______ with each other. At first the English ＿＿＿ in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different the English _______ today. It was ＿＿＿＿ more ＿＿＿＿ German than the English we speak ＿＿＿＿＿＿ Then ＿＿＿＿ between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ＿＿＿＿＿ England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers ＿＿＿＿ the English language and especially its ＿＿＿＿＿. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to American. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English ______ _______ ______ ______ in both countries.

Finally by the 19th century the language was ＿＿＿＿. At that time two big changes ＿＿＿ English spelling ＿＿＿＿: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote

The American Dictionary of the English Language. The ＿＿＿＿ gave a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to

American English spelling.

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of ＿＿＿＿ English speakers because Britain ＿＿＿＿ India from 1765 to 1947. during that time English became the language for government and ＿＿＿＿＿. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ of people learning English in China ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. In fact, China may have the _______ ________ of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own ＿＿＿＿? Only________will tell.

STANDARD ENGLISH AND ＿＿＿＿＿

What is ＿＿＿ English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English _______ on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who ＿＿＿＿ the news were＿＿＿＿ to speak ＿＿＿＿ English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear ___________ _____ ______ _____ people speak.

When people use words and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ different from the “standard language”, it is called a ＿＿＿＿＿. American English has many _______, ________ the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish _______. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from ＿＿＿＿＿ towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.

＿＿＿＿ also plays a ＿＿＿＿ in making dialects. Some people ______live in the mountains of

the eastern USA _______ with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from _____ _____ to another, they＿＿＿＿their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak ______almost the ______ dialects ______ people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they still ___________ and understand each other’s dialects.

THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY

You may think that English dictionaries ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ for many, many centuries. The ＿＿＿＿＿ of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell word in ________ ways which you might ______ interesting. But it made reading English _____ _____ difficult. So dictionaries were ＿＿＿＿ to ＿＿＿＿ everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today ______ made ______ the time of the late Qing Dynasty. There men did most of the important early work ＿＿＿ dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men ＿＿＿ nearly all of their lives ＿＿＿＿＿ to ______ words for their dictionaries. For them, it wasn’t only a job; it was a wonderful ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. The idea for this dictionary ______ _____ an important

meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years_______, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the ＿＿＿＿ of its new dictionary.

Murray had never _____ _____ college. At the_____of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ while working in a bank. ______ he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place ＿＿＿＿ in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter ＿＿＿＿. In winter it felt like a barn, he had to ＿＿＿a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. Every morning, Murray _____ _____ ____ ____at five

o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast. Often he would work by the ＿＿＿＿＿＿ into the evening. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary ＿＿＿ten years. But after five years, he was still ＿＿＿＿ words for the letter A! then others went to work with Murray, ＿＿＿＿ his two daughters. He ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four years later, in1928, other _______ finished it. It＿＿＿＿＿ more than 15,000 pages in twelve books. And you thought your dictionary was big!

Unit 3 _________ DOWN THE MEKONG

PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN

My name is Wang Kun. ______ ________ middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I _______ ______ about_________ a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she __________ me to buy one. Last year, she visited our _______, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and ______ _______ in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in _______ countries. Wang Wei soon got them _______ in cycling too. After _________from college.we finally _______ ______ ______ to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, \"Where are we going?\" It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the______Mekong River ______ ______ it begins to ______ it ______. Now she is planning our _______ for the trip.

I am _____ ______ my sister but she has one _______ _______. She can be really _______. Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she________that she _______ the trip _______. Now, I know that the______ way is always her way. I kept asking her, \"When are we leaving and when are we coming back?\" I asked her ______she ______looked at a map yet. Of course, she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about ______. So I told her that the _______ of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She

gave me a _______ ________—the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an ________ of more than 5,000 metres, she_______ to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to _______ and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting _________. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to ______ _______.

Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed ________ of world _________. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to move quickly. It becomes ______ as it ______ ______ deep valleys, ________ ________ western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and _________ wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes ______，brown and warm. As it ______ Southeast Asia, its _______ _______. It makes wide _______ or meanders through low valleys to the ________ where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.

PART2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS

Although it was autumn,the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like ______ _______ ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ______ bicycles?That’s ______ we looked like! Along the way children _______ ______ long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the ______ afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles ______.However,the lakes _______ like glass in the _______ sun and looked wonderful.Wangwei rode in front of me _____ ______.She is very ______ and I knew I didn’t need to _______ her. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the ______. We seemed to be able to see _____ _______.______ _____ ______ we were so high that we found ourselves ________ through clouds.

Then we began going down the hills. It was great fun _______ as it_________ became much warmer. In the valleys colourful butterflies ______ ______ us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. _____ ______ _____ we had to change our caps, coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.

In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We _____ _____our tent and then we eat. After supper Wang Wei _____ her head ______ on her pillow and went to sleep but I ______ ______. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars _____ _______. It was so quiet. There was almost no wind—only the _______ of our fire for company. As I _____ ______ the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.

We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will _____ ______. We can hardly wait to see them!

PART 6 THE END OF OUR JOUNEY

Cambodia was in many ways ____ ______ Laos, although it has ______ ______ ______. At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in her country couldn’t read or write. Her village couldn’t even _______to build a school, so she had to teach ______ under a large tent. When we said goodbye, we all felt very lucky _____ _____ _____ in college. _____on the road, we passed between many hills and forests. Then we came to the plains and ________ Phnom Penh,the ______ of Cambodia. In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City; it also had wide streets with trees ______ ______and old French houses._______ Vientiane, ships could travel the Mekong River here. In the center of the city we visited the palace and a beautiful white elephant. It can only be seen outside the palace on ______ days. We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple ______ floors _______ of sliver.

The next morning our group slept late. We were very tired _____ the long bike ride the day before. ______ in the hills had been diffcuilt. Now our couins had the chance to make ______ about Wangwei and me. Perhaps,they said,they were the strong ones!We had lunch at a nice ______ cafe, then rode out of the city.

Two days later we crossed the _____ _____Vietnam. We began to see many more people, but I wasn’t surprised .I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almost seven ______the population of Cambodia. We met a farmer who gave us ________ and told us that he grows a new rice crop four_______every year so he can______ more people. He also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountains and it is much cooler than here in the south,_____ it is _____.Although the flat delta made ______ easier for us to cycle. we got warm very quickly. So we drank lots of water and ate lots of bananas. Soon the delta ______ ______nine smaller rivers. Two days later, after we had ________ thousands of rice fields, we came to the sea. We were tired but also ______ _______ _______ :our dream to cycle along the Mekong River had finally ______ ______.

Unit 4

A NIGHT THE EARTH DID’T SLEEP

Strange things were happening in the ________ of northest HeBei.For there days the water in the village wells _____ and ______, ____and _____.Farmers noticed that the well walls had ______ ______ in them. A ______ gas came out of the cracks. In the farmeryards,the chickens and even the pigs were_____ ______ _____ ______.mice ran out of the fields _______ ______ places to______.fish jumped out of their _______ and ________.At about 3:00am on July 28,1976,some people saw ______ ______ in the sky.The sound of the planes could be heard outside the city,who ______ _______ ______these events,were asleep _______ ________ that night.

At3:42 am everything began to_______.It seemed as if the world was ______ _____ _____!Eleven kilometres ______ ________ the city the greast earthquake of 20th century had begun. It _____ ______ in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres _______. One-third of the nation felt it .A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide _______ houses,roads and ______._______ ______ _____ holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of ______. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ______ _____ ______.The _______ of the people was _______. Tow-thirds of them died or ______ _______ during the earthquake.Thounds of families were killed and many chidren were _____ ______parents. The number of people who were killed or injured ________ more than 400,000.

But how could the _______ believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was ________. All of the city’s hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were ______. _______ ________ the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however,could ______ they away. Two dams and most of the bridges also ______ or were not safe for ________. The railway______ were now ______ pieces of steel. _____ _______ ______ _____ cows would never ______ milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the _______ instead of water. People were ________. Then later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the ________ workers and doctors ______ ______ ______ _____ _____. More buildings ______ _____. Water,food, and eletricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the _______ would last.

All hope was not_____. Soon after the ________, the army sent 150,000 soliders to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. _______ _______ ______ ______people were helped. The army ______ teams to _______ ______those were trapped and to _____ _____ ______. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 ________ were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers ______ ______ for survivors ______ homes had been destroyed. _____ water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to ________ again.

A SAFE HOME

It is sad but_____ that people die in earthquakes from______ _______ ______ ______. Earthquake ______ is very important and there is more to it than just keeping buildings from falling down. So if your home is in an earthquake_______,you should ________ carefully before the earthquake comes.

First, ______ _______you buy a house which is earthquake safe. All _____ should be ______ to the wall and all walls should be _______ thick and strong. You also have to make sure that there are bolts ______ your house. They are one of the most important ways of _____ a house. _____ _____ the building has no_______ windows and is ______ ________.

Second ,look at the _______ in your house. Those in the living room,which are the most_______ to hurt us, are computers, televisions and lamps. They_____ _____ _____ ____ tables or them so they won’t easily______ ______. The kitchen, which is also very dangerous, must have ______ doors on all the cupboards. This is the place _____ many small things ______ ______ that might fall down. The water heater should have a case round it too. Windows are a _____ problem. When they break, glass can ______ many ______,. It is better to use _______ ________ if you can, especially for pictures.

Always remember:” It is better to be safe than _______.”

THE STORY OF AN __________

By Jack London

________ before in history _______ a city ______ so completely __________. San Francisco is _______. Nothing is ______ of it _____ memories and some houses far from the centre of the city. Its buniness are ______. The factories, hotelsand palace are all ______ too. _______ an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of SanFrancio’s fires _____ ______ ______160 kilometres _______. The sun is red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. There was no way to _________ or _________. The _______ _______ _______ were now useless. And the great pipes for _________ water under the streets ______ _______. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were _________ in the thirty second the earth moved.

______at sea it was _______. No wind _______. Yet from every _________-----east, west, north, and south, strong winds ______ ________ the unlucky city. Man himself had to make ______of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a ________ to those in the streets. _____ ______ _____ buildings _______ was now only a few addresses. _____ _____ ____ the brave men and the women would_____a library. A list of all those______will never be ________.

_________ as it may seem, Wednesday night was a _______ night. There were no ______. The policemen said nothing; even their horses were quiet. There were no _______or people doing _______ things. In all those _____ hours I saw not one woman who cried, not one man who was excited. Before the fires, through the night, ________ ________ ________ ______people who had lost their homes ______ ______safety. Some were _______ ______ ______. Sometimes whole families put everything they _______and could ______ _______wagons. They helped______ ______ climb the high hills around the city. ______ in all SanFrsncio’s histroy _______ her people so kind as ______ that terrible night.

Unit 5

Elias’ story

My name is Elias. I am a poor worker in SouthAfrica. The time _____ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult ______ of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer ______ ______ I went for advice. He offered ________ to poor black people on their _______ problems. He was_______ _______his time, ______ ______ I was _________.

I needed his help because I had very little _________. I began school at six. The school _______ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school _______ and the bus _____. I could not read or write well. After ______ hard, I got a job in a _____ ______. However, this was _____ _____ _____ one had to got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. ________ I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become ______ ______ _______.

The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my ________. He told me how to get the correct _________ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more _______ about my _____. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he ________the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:

“ The last thirty years______ ______ the greatest number of laws stopping our ______ and ______,until today we have ______ _______ _____ _______ we have almost no rights at all.”

It was the _____. Black people could not _______ or ________ their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town ______ _______ they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns ______ they were sent to live were the ______ parts of South Africa. No one could ________ food there,. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:

“… We were put into a _______ _____ _______ we had either to accept we were less important, or

_______ the government. We chose to ______ ______ _____. We first ______ the law in a way which was ___________; when this was not allowed… ______ _______ _______ we decide to answer _______ with ________.”

______ _____ _____ _____ _____, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him _____ _____ some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was ______ I could be _____ _____ ____. But I was very happy to help because I knew it would help us ______ ______ ______ of making black and white people _________.

The rest of Elias’ story

You cannot ______ how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison _____ ______ no one ______. There I spent the _______ time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela _____ ____ _____ for those of us who had little ______. We read books under our _______ and used anything we could find to make ______ to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for ______ but I was not ______ to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the ______ ______ to join us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their ______. They were not cleverer than me, but they ______ ______ their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself.

When I finished the four years _____ ______, I went to find a job. Since I was better ______, I got a job ______ in an office. However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for _______ ______ government buildings. So I ______ my job. I ____ ____ ____again for twenty years _____ Mr Mandela and the ANC _____ ______ ____ in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to ____ _____ food and help from ______ or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job ______ ______ _____my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad _____ _____ _____I talked to a group. All the ____

and fear of that time came ______ to me. I remembered the_____ and the ______of the guards and my friends who _____ _____. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family _______ me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South Africa government were my _______ after working all my life for ______ ______ for the Blacks. So now at 51 I am proud to______ visitors _____ the prison, _____ I helped to make our people ______ in their own land.

A ______ of Bill Gates

I ______ ______ a friend of Bill Gates for a long time. I knew him when he was a student at Harvard University. We were surprised when he left University to _____ _____his own company” Microsoft” and make his own software. But he was the clever one! He is very good at ______ ______ ______ and almost all computers now use Microsoft software. The _______ “Word” is used from Britain to China! Of course he has_____ a lot of ______ and that makes people very _______. They want to stop his success. Even the government ______ ______ him and has tried to ______ his company into two parts. They say that he is _____ ______ other people who want to sell ______ software. Because he _____ his new software free in every new computer, the government says he is _____ other companies ______ _______ their _______. This is not fair. Everyone should be able to do ______ they can to make their company bigger. Bill Gates has not only done _____ he can to stop other ______. He is very rich, but he is ______. He has given millions of dollars to help the _______ and the health of many children around the world. You could not meet a______man than Bill Gates.

A ________ of Bill Gates

Bill Gates ______ _____ very ________ and become very rich. He is very ______ but how has he got his money? He has done this by making sure that no one else will be able to ______ ______ his software. His software is not the best but it is used most ________ in the world. When he sees ______

is needed, he makes a program and ________ it quicker than anybody else. That way he gets a large part of the software _________. Then he _______ _______ improving the software later. He tries hard to stop others making better software. In 1995 the government tried to make things ______ for people like me. The government wanted to make Microsoft into two companies so that ______of them was so strong _____ so rich. This _______ that they could not stop somebody else making new software. I always ______ how he could get so rich so quickly. Has he done it by fair________? Or has he done it by________ a computer bully?

必修二 Unit 1

In _______ of the amber room

Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have _______that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an ________ history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was _______ this name because several tons of amber______ _______ to make it. The amber which was _______ had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like ______. The _______ of the room was in the _______ style ______ in those days. It was also a ______ ______ with gold and ________, which took the country’s best ______ about ten years to make.

In fact, the room was not made to be a_____. It was ______ for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, ______ _____ the amber room ________, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. _____ ______, the Czar sent him a ______ of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room______ _____ a small ______ hall for important vistors.

Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room_______ to a palace outside St Petersburg _______ she

spent her summers. She told her artists to _____ more ______ _____ it. In 1770 the room was _____ the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles _____ the room, and its _______ and pictures ______ like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room_____ ______ one of the ______ of the world, it is now _________.

In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a ______ ____ the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to ______ some furnitures and small art ______ from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis _______ stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000________ were put ______ twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no _______ that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was _____ ______ _____ a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, ______ _____ ______ the Amber Room ________ a mystery.

_______, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By_______ old photos of the ________ Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they _________the 300th bithday of their city.

A fact or an ________

What is a fact? Is it something ______ people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be _______. For example, it_____ _____ __________ that China has more people than any _____ country in the world. This is a fact.

Then what is an opinion? An opinion is ______someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinoion is not good ______ in a_____. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not ______ _______ this

opinion but they also cannot ________ that they are right.

In a _______, a _______ must decide which ________ to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not ________ what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/She only _____ ______ whether the eyewitness has given true ________, which must be facts _____ ________ opinions. This kind of information is called evidence.

Big Feng to the rescue

His friends and family call him “Big Feng” because he is very tall and played basketball as a young man. But he is also big in a ______ way — he _______ hard to ______ China’s past. His real name is Feng Jicai and he has written many _______ about life in China. Several years ago, however, he _____ _______ his pen ______ ______ ____ and began to protect the ______ ______ in Tianjin, where he lives. Once someon asked him why he no longer wrote. He ______that at the moment he felt _______ cultural relics was more important.

Feng loves his hometown. He believes that old things must be given ____ _____ next to new things, or people will soon forget their great ______. He does not _____ _______ to get others to help him in his _______. Instead he goes out and does what he can himself. If others _______ him, so much the better. One of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in Tianjin. _______ that street some shops had done business for seven hundred years. Although the city government _______ this street, they ______ _____ its oldest building. Another project was more successful: he________ the city government to buy some land in the______ of the city so it could not be sold ______ _________. This area is very important for the history of Tianjin. ______ ______ here _______ the city was first built during the Song Dynasty. Later many ________ were found here.

To Feng, ________ down into the earth is like _______ page after page of a book. Each dynasty _______ in the earth is like an interesting story. Not long ago he and other writers and artists _____ _____ ______ the old parts of Tianjin. The photos were put into a book which was very popular. The money ______ the book helps his projects. Once, an old man asked Feng to _____ a book for him, ______ he would give it to his grandson who was not yet born. Feng was glad to do it - he knows that the past is _____ _______ for us to enjoy but also for the children of the___________.

Unit 2

An interview

Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2000 year ago, has come _____ a ______ ________ on March 18th ,2007 to find out about the _______ Olympic Games. He is now ___________ Li Yan, a __________for the 2008 Olympics Games.

P: My name is Pausanias. I lived in ________you call “ Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. I’ve come to your time to find out about the _________ Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were _______ in my homeland. May I ask you some questions about the ________ Olympics?

L: Good heavens! Have really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know?

P: How often do you hold your Games?

L: _______ four years. There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics,

and both are held every four years on a _______ _________. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only _______who have reached the _________ _______ for their event will be _________ as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.

P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy _______ in winter? And what about the horses?

L: Oh no! There are no _______ ______ or ________ ______ events. Instead there are __________ like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. That’s why they’re called the Winter Olympics.______ in the Summer Olympics _______ you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.

P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are ________ from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to _______ _______ each other just for the ________ of winning. No other countries could join in, ______ ________ slaves or women!

L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own ________. Women are not only ________, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …

P: Please wait a minute! All those _________, all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes __________?

L: For each Olympics, a special village______ _______ for them to live in, a main ________ building, several _________ for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.

P: That’s sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to ______ the Olympic Games?

L: _____ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,every country wants the ＿＿＿＿＿. It’s a great ＿＿＿＿＿＿ but also a great ＿＿＿＿＿ to be chosen. There’s as much competitions among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic ＿＿＿＿＿. The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing.

P: Oh yes! You must be very proud.

L: Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics _____ _____ _____ in London. They have already started ＿＿＿＿＿＿ for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to the east of London. New medals will be ＿＿＿＿＿＿of course and …

P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿! Oh dear! Do you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ prize money too?

L: No, we don’t. It’s still all about being able to run faster, jumper higher and throw further. That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know—“ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.”

P: Well, that’s a good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.

The story of Atlanta

Atlanta was a Greek ＿＿＿＿＿. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. But she was not ＿＿＿＿＿＿ to run and win ＿＿＿＿＿＿ for herself in the Olympic Games. She was so angry that she said to her farther that she would not ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ him. She said to him, “ These are my ＿＿＿＿. When a man says he wants to

marry me, I will＿＿＿ ______ him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. No one ______ _____ _______.”

Many kings and princes wanted to _____ Atlanta, but when they _____ ______her rules they knew it was_______. So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race. There was a man called Hippomenes who was _____ when he heard of Atlanta’s_____, “ Why are these men so_______?” hethought. “ Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” However, when he saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes _____ _____ _____. “ I will ______ Atlanta—or die !“ he said.

The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster. As Hippomenes watched he thought, “ How can I run as fast as Atlanta?” He went to ask the Greek _____ ______ ____ for help. She _______ to help him and gave him three golden apples. She said, “ Throw an apple in front of Atlanta when she is running_______. When she stops to _____ ______ _____, you will be able to _____ ____ her and win.” Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King. He said, “ I want to marry Atlanta.” The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said, “ I will ______ her – or die!” So the race began.

Three _________ stories about the Olympic Games

1. The kind Norwegian

There is a cross-country skiing race which is ______ of the Winter Olympics. In 2006 a Canadian skier, Sara Renner, was taking part in the cross-country _____ _____ her left pole broke. This was a _______ problem as she needed the ______ to help her travel quickly through the deep snow. __________ Bjornar Hakensmoen , the ______of the Norwegian team, gave her another pole. So

Renner was able to get a _______ _______. Hakensmoen said that he had only ________ as any good sportsman should, but Sara said that Hakensmoen had shown everybody the true meaning of sport.

2. The _______ Olympic athlete

For ______ Eric Williams gold medals are nice, but good _______is more important. Eric has a low ______ _______ but this does not stop him from _______ apart in the Olympics. In 2005 Eric competed in running races and the long jump. He said, “ I______ ______ _______ in the Special Olympics ______ _______ I was at high school. It’s really a good experience. You get to meet different athletes and volunteers and make all kinds of friends. “ John Corbett, an _______ of the Special Olympics said, “ He always ______ ______ _____ and has a wonderful time in the progress. He truly _______ all the people around him who are trying to help, and he makes that _______ ______. “ Let’s hope Eric wins more medals in the next Special Olympics!

3. The _______African

In 1968 a Kenyan athlete Kip Keino competed in the 1500 metres running race. At that time he was very ill and _____ ______ ______. Although he had ______ _______ ______for the final of the race he decided at first not to take part. However, just before the race was going to start he _______ ______ ______. He ran from his room and arrived at the _____ ______a few minutes before the race was about to begin. _________, he won the race, finishing ______ ______ ______ everyone else and ________ what ________ _______ and ___________ can ________. ______ ______ _____ _____ that Kip Keino became the only Kenyan sportsman ever to ______ on the _______ of the world famous sports magazine Sports _________.

Unit 3

WHO AM I?

________ ________ I have changed quite a lot.I began as a ________machine in France in 12.Although I was young I could ________ difficult sums. I _______ very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years ________ I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Baggage. After I________ ________by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think”_______ and ______ _______ ______ quicker than any person.At that time it was ______ a _________ _________ and the start of my “________ _________”.In 1936 my real father,Alan Turing,wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “________ _______”to _______ any difficult mathematical problem._______ ________ ______,I grew rapidly both ______ ＿＿＿＿＿＿ and in brainpower.By the 1940s I ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿as large as a room , and I wonders if I would grow any longer. However,this ＿＿＿＿＿＿ also ＿＿＿＿＿＿ my ＿＿＿＿＿. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,I was made smaller .First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop,I ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ in offices and homes since the 1970s.

These changes only became possible as my ＿＿＿＿ _______.First it was ______ in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small _______.As a result I ______ changed my _____ .As I have grown older I have also grown smaller .Over time my memory has _______ so much that ,like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told !And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the 1960s they gave me a family _______ by a network .I was able to ______ my knowledge with others _______ the World Wide Web.

Since the 1970s many new _________ have been found for me .I have become very important

______ ___________, _______and trade.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones _____ ______ ______ help with medical________.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to_______ the Moon and Mars ._______, my _______ is to provide humans with a life of ______ _________.I am now truly _____ _____ happiness that I am a _______ friend and helper of the human race !

ANDY—THE ANDROID

I’m ______ of an an android football team .About ______ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ we are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to play a game of football. I’m as big as a human .In fact ,I look like one too. ＿＿＿the footballteam I’m a ＿＿＿＿ so I have to be able to run very fast .My computer chips help me to movｅ and think like a human .For example ,I have learned to ＿＿＿＿＿ to my teammates in computer languages to give me the ball when I am ＿＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

My firｓt football ＿＿＿＿＿was in Nagoya ,Japan several years ago .Last year our team went to Seattle ,Washington in the USA.We won seconｄ place .＿＿＿＿ ,I think the team that won firs place＿＿＿＿ .They had ＿＿＿＿ a new type of ＿＿＿＿ just before the competition.So we need to ＿＿＿＿＿ our programer to improve our ＿＿＿＿ too.We ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿an even better system.In a way our programme is like our coach. She ＿＿＿＿ us with moves to use if a new ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.In this way I can make up new moves using my “＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿“.I would really like to play ＿＿＿＿ a human team, ＿＿＿＿ I ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ to act just like them. After all,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿of my ＿＿＿＿ brain which never forgets anything ,using my intelligence is what I’m all about!

THE SPORTING ROBOT

My name is Hua Fei and I am a ________ robot of the 23rd ＿＿＿＿.I am an ＿＿＿＿ at high flying exercises.I jump from spaceship and as I fall I turn, ＿＿＿,＿＿＿＿ and dance until I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I can to the finishing line. Robot competitions in the 23rd century are truly a popular sport. Fans from all over China watch their ＿＿＿＿ TVs when a competition comes on.Last time I ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the 78th Olympic on a flying island above Brussels in the sky. I won the ＿＿＿＿ medal for my ＿＿＿＿＿ .

This year I had the ＿＿＿＿ to be ＿＿＿＿ again .I wanted to mｅet robots from other countｒies and＿＿＿＿ ides about our sport.Howeｖｅr ,my programmer ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the week before we were going to leave .It was very ＿＿＿＿ for her and I felt very ＿＿＿＿.I no longer felt so ＿＿＿＿ that I would win.

The day of the ＿＿＿＿ was rather cold for my legs and my special oil began to＿＿＿.I ＿＿＿＿ before I jumped from the starting place on a little spaceship but then I began my ＿＿＿＿＿.At the _______moment I tried to open my parachute but there was a problem. It only opened a little .＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿flying softly to earth I began to fall faster and faster so that I could not turn ,dive,circle or dance.My heart stopped ＿＿＿＿ as I landed heavily on a mountain ＿＿＿ with snow.

This is _______ I am writing to you from my hospital bed with two _____ legs and a ＿＿＿ head.I did not win anything at the Olympic after all. I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head. Then I will be able to ______ once more .Let’s hope for greater ____ in the next _________!

Unit 4

(1) How Daisy learned to help wildlife

Daisy had always ______ to help ______species of wildlife. One day she woke up and found a_______ carpet by her bed.“Where do you want to go?”it asked.Daiasy ______ immediately. “I’d like to see some ______ wildlife,”she said. “please take me to a _______ land ______ I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope _______ sad. It said,“We _____ _____ ____ for the wool ______ our stomachs.Our fur_____ ＿＿＿ _____ to make sweaters for people like you ._____ ______ ______,we are now an endangered ______.”At that Daisy cried,“I’m sorry I didn’t know that.I wonder _____ ______ _____ _____ to help you.Flying carpet,please show me a place where there’s some wildlife ________.”

The flying carpet _______ so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy _______ around and found that she _____ _______ ______ by an elephant.“Have you come to take my photo?” it asked. _____ ______Daisy _____ ______ ______.“Don’t laugh,”said the elephant,“We _____ ____ ____ an endangered species. Farmers ______ us without ______.They said we _______ their farms,and money from tourists only _____ ______ the large tour companies.So the government decided to help.They _______ tourists to hunt only ______ _______ number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are ________.So good things _____ ______ _____ here to save _______ wildlife.”

Daisy smiled.“That’s good news.It _______ the importance of wildlife protection,but I’d like to help as the WWF _________.”The carpet ______ against and almost at once they were in a _______ rainforest.A monkey Watched them as it ________ itself.“What are you doing?”asked Daisy. “I’m ________ myself from mosquitoes,”it ______.“When I find a milipede insect,I rub it _______ my body.It ______ a powerful ______ which affect mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest

where I live and ______ how the

animals live together. No rainforest,no animals,no drugs.”

Daisy was _______.“Flying carpet,

please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin ______ this new drug.Monkey,please come and help,”The monkey ______.The carpet ______ home.As they ______,things begin to _______.Two minutes later everything had gone--the monkey,too.

So Daisy was not able to make her new drug. But what an __________!She had learned so much! And there was always WWF ……

(2)Animal ________

Many animals have _______ during the long history of the earth.The most ______ of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived on the earth tens million of years ago,long before humans ______ ______ _____ and their future seemed ______ at that time.There were many different kinds of dinosaur and _____ _____ ____ them _____ ______ live in china.The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County,Nanyang,Henan ______.Not long ago a ______ new species of _____ dinosaur was ______ in Country,liaoning Province.When scientists_______ the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others______ _____ climb trees.They learned this from the way the bones were ______ together.

Dinosaurs _____ ______ suddenly about 65million years ago.Some scientists think it came after an _______ _______ when a huge rock from space ______ the earth and put too much ______ into the air.

Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to______ _____ any more. Nobody knows ______ ______ why and how dinosaur ________ from the earth in such a short time.

We know many other wild plants,animals,insects and birds have died out more _________. _______ ______ a UN report ,______ 844 animals and plants have ________ _______ the last 500 years.The dodo is one of them. It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very __________ animal. Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it _________ from the earth.

(3) The________of the milu deer

My name is Linhui.I like to tell stories about people who _______ ________._____ _____ ____ _____is when countries help each other and _______ a good friendship. An _______ example of this happened when Britain and China worked together to ______ the Milu deer ______ to China.

The Milu deer,a ______ with large horns, used to be ______ in China long ago.Like other deer they live together and eat grass and the soft parts of trees such as small ______.Milu deer were often ______ ______ ______ or sport in the past.The ,Ming and Qing dynasties did not ______ them and many _____ ________.That is how the Milu deer _______ from China.

________ before all of them were killed, some were taken to Britain to ______ the _________ of the beautiful park which ________ ______ the Duke of Bedford.He liked them so much that he took them all the way from China to Britain. The Milu deer liked the cool, wet weather in England and their number _______ ______ _______ ______.As a result, when in 1985 the government of China wanted to __________ the Milu deer, the Duke of Bedford was_________ to help.The first deer came back to China to the Nanhaizi Milu Park 20 kilometers south of Beijing and the _______ in Dafeng, Jingsu Province.

The deer _________ seem happy to be back in China because their numbers have ________ _________.There are now so many of them that a new park has been ________ for them in Hebei Province.At the moment the Milu deer live in _____ ______ they ______ ______ _______ ________ and care for .It is ______ that one day there will be enough animals to let them live in the wild again.So Britain helped China by _______ ________ an animal that ______ _________ from its homeland. This is a good example of friendship and ___________ between these two countries.

Unit 5

The band that wasn’t

Have you ever wanted to be ________of a _______ as a famous singer or ________? Have you ever ______ ______ playing in front of thousands of people at a_______, _____ ______ everyone is clapping and _______-- your music? Do you sing Karaoke and ______- you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? _____ ______ ______, a lot of people ________ great importance____ _________ rich and famous. But just now do people _______ a band?

Many musicians meet and _______ a band because they like to write and play their own music. They may ______ _____ a group of high-school students, ______ _____ _______ their music in someone’s house is the first _____ to _______. Sometimes they may play to _________ in the street or subway so that they can ______ some______ money for themselves or to pay for their _________. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, ______ _____ they are paid _____ _____. Of course they hope to ______ ______ in a studio and sell millions of ______ to become millionaires!

However, there was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monkees and _____ _____ a TV show. The musicians were to _____ _____ ____ each other _____ _____ ____ play music,

____ ____ _____ ___ _____ ____ ____ the Beatles. The TV organizer _____ ______ to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an ________ in a newspaper _______ ______rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to____ _____ other musicians to help them. So ______ the broadcasts they just _____ ______ sing. Anyhow their performances were _______ enough to be _____ by other groups. They were so popular that their fans ____ clubs in order to____more______with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs _______ by other musicians. However, after a year or so ______ _______ they became more _______ about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a ______ band. Then they______ their own records and started _______ and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more ______ than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band______ _______about 1970, but happily they _______ in the mid-1980s. They ________ a new record in 1996,______ _______ they celebrated their ______ time as a real band.

Freddy the frog（Ⅱ）

_____ _____after Freddy and the band_____ ________, they visited Britain on a ____ _____. Fans showed their _______ by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite ________ when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the ________ ________! His most exciting _______was to _______ on a TV programme ______ “ Top of pops “. He had to go to London, ______ an expensive suit and _____ ______ _____ to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme _______ _________, the telephones which were in the same room _______ _______. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were _______ stars.

Then things______ _____. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere ______ ______ _____. Even when they ______ sunglasses or ______ people _______ them. Fans found them even when they went into ________. They tried to ______ in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was ______. Someone was always there! Their ________ life was ________ discussed by people who did not know them but talked_____ ______they ______ ______ friends. At last _______ very _______ and ______, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too _______ for them. So they left Britain, _____ ______they were never to return, and went back to the lake.

必修三Unit 1

__________ and _________

Festivals and _________ of all kinds ______ ______ ______ everywhere since _____ _______. Most ________ festivals would celebrate the ______ of cold weather, _________ in spring and _______ in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be _______ after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would ______ if food was difficult to find, _______ during the cold winter ______. Today’s festivals have many _______, some _______, some ________, and some for special people or ________.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals ______ _______ to ______ the dead or ________ the ancestors, who might _____ either to help or to do _______. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to ______ _______ and ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ their ancestors. They also ______ ________ and play music because they think that this will _______ the ancestors_____ ______ earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important ______ day, people eat food in the _______ of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They _____ food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western

holiday Halloween also had its ______ in old ________ about the_______of the ________ of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can_____ _____an go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play ______ _____ _____ them.

Fetivals to _______ People

Festivals can also be held to _______ famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is _____ _____ ______ the ______ of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to _______ Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped ______India’s________ ______ Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy _______. People are ______ because their food is _________ for the winter and the _______ work is over. In European countries, people will usually ______ churches and town halls _______ flowers and fruit, and will ______ _______ to have meals. Some people might win______ for their farm ________, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, _______ people _______ the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.

Spring Festivals

The most ________ and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the _____ of winter and to the ______ of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings fish and meat and may give children _____ money ____ red _______. There are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year _______. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, ______

take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might ______ parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and ________ clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important ______ and ________festival for Chiristians _______ the world. It celebrates the ________of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festical _______ a little ______. The country, ______ with cherry tree flowers, looks _____ ______ it ______ ______ ______pink snow.

People love to _____ ______ to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be ______of our ________ and forget our work for ________ ______ __________.

A Sad Love Story

Li Fang was__________. It was Valetine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t ______ ______. She could be with her friends right now ______ ______ him. She said she would be there at seven o’ clock, and he thought she would _____ ______ _____. He had looked forward to ________ her all day, and now he was ______ with his roses and chocolates, like a _____. Well, he ws not going to ______ ______ _____ for her to________. He would ______ his ________ in coffee.

It was _______ that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave – he ______ the tables, then sat down and _______ _______ the TV – just ______ Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about _____ love.

The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven _______ the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the ______ girl. While she was on earth she met the _____ _____ Niulang and they ______ _____ ____. ( “ Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married ________, and they were very happy. (“We

could be like that, “ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter ______ ______ _____ a human, she became very angry and made the _______ girl _____ _____Heaven. Niulang tried to ______ her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. _______ that Zhinu was__________, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple ________ the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magipies make a _______ of their wings so the _______ can ______ the river to _____ on the _______ day of the seventh _____ month. People in Chian hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it ______ that zhinu is _________ and the couple won’t be able to meet.

The _________ said, “ This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When ________ hear about the story they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.”

As Li Fang ______ ______ _______ home, he thought , “ I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to _____ me______her.” So he did.

As he sadly ________ the tea shop _____ the corner on his way home, he heard a voice _______him. There was Hujin _______ ______him and calling, “Why are you so late? I_______ ______ ______ for you for a long time! An I have a gift for you!”

What would he do? He _____ ______ _____ her Valentine gifts! She would never _____ him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!

Winter Carnival in Quebec

A _______ of very cold tourists are sitting in a cafe in old Quevec, _______ her coffee to try to ______ _______. The temperature is 32 ______ ______ ______ The windows are ______ with steam from the

heat inside. Outside, snow ________ the streets and is _______ _____ along the sidewalks. The music and lights of the Carnival continue, but after a whole day of watching parades, ________ in horse carriages and listening to the music, their feet are ________ and their noses are red.

Every year, _______ _______ ______ _____ people come to Quebec to take part in the week-long winter festival, the biggest in the world. Everyone who comes must be ______ to keep______. As it is too cold______ stand and watch for long.

Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding ________ on the hill _________ the river. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ and through the air as though they could fly.

The more brave of heart may try the canoe _______. Five or six men paddle each canoe across the partly-frozen St Lawrence River. The river ______ ______ _____ big pieces of ice, and if you _____ _____ fall in, you would ______ in less than two minutes.

On of the favourite ______ is the dog-sled race, _____ ______ teams of about six husky dogs pull along sleds at great _______ along a _______ track. One person runs behind the sled, _______ to the dogs to _________ them. The sound of the dogs _______, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of ______ make an exciting Nothern _______. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, ______ _______and many with blue eyes.

________ _________ the ________ ________ everywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other ________ in an igloo(圆顶冰屋) for hot tea or coffee._____ _____ ______how warm these ice houses can be!

Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, ______ Bonhomme the snowman is king, and

______ _____ ______. You can dance outside _____the music of a _______, who ______ all _____ _____heavy clothes – even some their _______ ______ ______ ________ for winter.

__________, you will probably want to sit down in a cafe to ______ ______ and to ______ ____tomorrow. You might join the snowmobile ________ – or maybe you should just sleep in!

Unit 2

COME AND EAT HERE (1)

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant ______ very _______. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and _______ his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and _______ rice. Then _____ _______ they would all______ ______. By now his restaurant _____ _____ be______ _____people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon________ in the hottest, ______ ______. His cola was ______ and cold, and his ice cream _____ ______ ______ milk, cream and ________ fruit. “______ could be _______,” he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang _______ _______. “Hello, Lao Li,” he called, “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible ______ _______ ______if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant ______he always ______.

Wang Peng ______ Li Chang ______ a new small restaurant. He saw _____ ______ in the window.

______ ______all that fat? Want to______ _______? Come inside Yong Hui’s__________ restaurant. 38

Only slimming foods _______ here. Make yourself thin again. ________ _________ Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The _______, a very thin lady _______ ________. “Welcome,” she said. “My name is Yong Hui. I’ll help you lose weight and ______ _____ in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were_______ _____ of food and drink on it: just rice, _______ vegetables ______ ______ ______, fruit and water. Wang Peng was _____ _______ this and especially ______ the prices. It _____ more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not _____ ______ _____. He _______ ______ the menu and______ ______. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui _______ ______ ______ _____ people______! He had better do some ________!

At the library Wang Peng ______ _____ _____ _____ that his restaurant _____ far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. ______ _____ her _______ might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating _______ __________ food to keep them ______. They would become _______ very quickly. Wang Peng felt more ________ as he drove back home. Perhaps _____ ______ _____ and a new_____ he could______his customers ______! So he wrote:

Want to feel_______ and _______? Come and eat here! __________today! Our food gives you ________ all day! 39

The__________between the two restaurants was_________!

COME AND EAT HERE (2)

A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to _______ _____ _______ after all and not have to _______ his restaurant. He did not _____ _____ _____ _______ _____ _____ because his restaurant was no longer _______. He smiled as he welcomed some customers _______ at the door but the smile _______ his face when he saw Yong Hui _______ _____. She did not look happy but______ ______ him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant______ ______ ______? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to _____ _____ me and my menu,” she shouted. “Please _______ me,” he_______ ________,“I wanted to know where all my customers ______ _______ last week. I _______ one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to ______ you, but I found your menu_____ _______ _______ I stopped worrying and started ________ the_________ of my food. Why don’t you sit down and _____ _____ _____?”

Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both ________ the dumplings and ______of chicken ______ ________ ______. When they were ______ the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel _____ with all this fat and ______ food,”she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit.”Wang Peng was enjoying _____ ______ _______ of dumplings so he _______.“Yes,”he ______,“and I would miss my dumplings and______pork. Don’t you get ______ quickly?” “Well, I _____ ______ to rest a lot, ”______ Yong Hui. “But don’t you think it would be better if you were_____ _____ thinner? I’m sure you would feel __________healthier.”

They began to talk about menus and ________ ______. “_______- _______ ______ _____, neither your restaurant nor mine _______ a balanced diet,”explained Wang Peng.“I don’t offer enough ______and you don’t offer enough _________ and ______ foods. Perhaps we ought to ______ our ideas

and _______ a balanced menu _____ foods full of _______ and _______. ”So that is ______ they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and _______ the potatoes rather than ______them .They served fresh fruit ______ the ice cream. In this way they______ _______ the fat and _______the fibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such______ ______ that______ ______ Wang Peng became ______ and Yong Hui ______ _______ _____ ______. After ______ _______ the two found that their business ________ _____ _____ ____ _________ _______ _________ .Finally they _______ _________and lived happily ever after.

_______ BUILDING A MCDONALD’S

I was excited when I heard that our ______ ______ _____ have its own McDonald’s restaurant. I thought about all those young people _______ would not have to go to the next town to buy their______ burgers and chips. McDonald’s ______ ________ ________ eating too and works with scientists to _______ food that______ ______ _______ ______, safe and _______. It is also cheap .They often provide salads as well as burgers and chips. You can also ________between cola and milk shakes(奶昔). Of course it also _______ more work for our area that ______ ______ _______. McDonald’s say they are interested in doing ______ is right for the ______ and _________ a good neighbour. So I think they will _______ ______ ________ __________ _________ for the cars in our _______ street. Many of our young people will be only too happy to work for the company. McDonald’s ______ _______ ______ _____ the people that work for them. They say,“We _______ you, your_________ skills and your help to the company.”I can see nothing ______ _______ if this company ________ ______ ________ its restaurant in our town.

________ BUILDING A MCDONALD’S

I am very ________ about McDonald’s ________ a restaurant in our hometown. We are a small _______ and we enjoy our ______ _______. I am not sure if McDonald’s food is _____ _____ _____ they say in their ___________. When scientists look at it _______, they find ______ _______ _____ _____, sugar and

salt. This is very _________. Too many young people are getting fat ________ eating too much fatty food. McDonald’s is not giving young people a good idea of ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____. Local Chinese food, _______ _______ ______ ______, is full of ______ vegetables and ________ meat and fish. The food at a McDonald’s restaurant is always the same, so I _______ if it is made or brought in from elsewhere. Although it is________ ________, it must be less healthy than our own ______ ______and cooked Chinese food.

I also worry about all those cars _______ people to buy food at McDonald’s. First, there would be petrol fumes(气体),which will make our_____ air ______. Second, there’s the problem of all those cars that try to _______ and _______ other cars_______ ___________ quickly through our town.

I’m sure many young people would be happy to work for McDonald’s but will they be_______ _________？In American, McDonald’s does not ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ in its restaurants and these are people ______ ______ _________ for the workers. If, _____they say, the workers ______ ______ _____hem ,why should they________ some workers _________ a union?

So when I ________ the food, the cars and the jobs, I think we should not ________McDonald’s to build their restaurant in our town.

Unit 3 the million pound ______ _______

Act I, Scene 3

_________: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and _________ brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have ______ _____ ______. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank _______ a man could ______ ______ _____in London. His brother Roderick ______ it. At this moment, they see a ______ young man ______

on the ______ outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who _____ _____ _____ London and does not know _______ he should do.

Roderick: Young man, would you _____ _______ a moment, please?

Henry: Who? Me, sir?

Roderick: Yes, you.

Oliver: ________ the front door on your left.

Henry: ( A _______ opens a door) Thanks.

Servant: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? ______ me to ______ the way, sir.

Oliver: （Henry ______）Thank you, James. That will be all.

Roderick: How do you do, Mr…er…?

Henry: Adams. Henry Adams.

Oliver: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.

Henry: Thank you.

Roderick: You are an American?

Henry: That’ s right, from San Francisco.

Roderick: How well do you know London?

Henry: Not at all, it’s my first _______ here.

Roderick: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you’d mind ______ ________ a few questions.

Henry: Not at all. _____ _____ ______.

Roderick: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?

Henry: Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m______ to find work. _____ _____ ____ ____ ____, I ______ in Britain ______ _______.

Oliver: How is that possible?

Henry: Well, you see, back home I had my own boat. About a month ago, I was _____ _____ ____ the bay… ( his eyes_____ _____ _____ is left of the brother’s dinner on table.)

Oliver: Well, go on.

Henry: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself ______ _____ ___ sea by a strong wind. It was all my ______. It didn't know whether I could______ ______ morning. The next morning I’d just about _______ myself ______ _____ _____ when I was ______by a ship.

Oliver: And it was the ship that brought you to England.

Henry: Yes. The fact is that I _____ _____ _____ by working as an ______ ______, which ______ _____ my ________. I went to the American ________ to seek help, but … ( The brothers smile at each other.)

Roderick: Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an _________.

Henry: I’m afraid I don’t quite ________ you, sir.

Roderick: Tell us, Mr Adams, what ______of work did you do in America.

Henry: I worked for a _______ comapany. Could you offer me some kind of work here?

Roderick: _______, Mr Adams. If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have?

Henry: Well, _____ _____ _____, I have ______.

Oliver: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (______ his hands together)

Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! ______ _____ _____, in fact. If this is you idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very ______. ( Henry stands up to leave) Now if you’ll _____ me, I think I’ll be ______ ______ ______.

Roderick: Please don’t go, Mr Adams. You mustn’t think we don’t _____ ______ you. Oliver, give him the letter.

Oliver: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a ______ ) The letter.

Henry: (taking it carefully) For me?

Roderick: For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You______open it ______ two o’clock.

Henry: Oh, this is ________.

Roderick: Not silly. There’s money in it (calls to the ________) James ?

Henry: Oh, no. I don’t want your _________. I just want an _________ job.

Roderick: We know you’re ______. That's why we’ve given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.

Henry: Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?

Roderick: You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In ______ ____ _____ _____ _______.

Servant: This way, sir.

Roderick: Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. __________?

Henry: Promise. Goodbye.

Act I, Scene 4

( Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the _______ without opening it and decides to go in. He sits down ______ a table next to the front window.)

Owner: ( seeing Henry’s poor __________) That one’s_________. This way, please.( to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace.

Henry: ( after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it_______ _______.

Waiter: Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost____ large ______ ______ money.

Henry: I understand. And I’ll have a large glass of beer.

Waiter: OK. ( The waiter leaves and soon _______ with all the food.)

Hostess: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf.

Owner: We’ll see if he’s clever as a ________, eh?

Henry: ( _______ just ______ ______ ______ _____ of food ) Ah, waiter.( waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer.

Waiter: Again? Everything ?

Henry: Yes, that's right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?

Waiter: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked ______ more of the same.

Owner: It’s ______ that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. ______ _____and let him have it.

Waiter: (reading the ______ after the meal) All right. That's two ______ of ham and eggs, two _____ ______steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.

Henry: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind _______just a few minutes?

Waiter: (in a ______ _______) What’ s there to wait for?

Owner: All right, Horace. I’ll take care of this.

Henry: (to owner) That was a wonderful meal. It’s ______ how much ______you get out of the simple thins in life, especially you can’t have them _____ _____ ______.

Owner: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay you ________ I can help the other ________.

Henry: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it’s two o’clock.( he opens the ______ and ______ a million pound bank Norelco in his hands Henry is very surprised but the owner and waiter are ________) I’m sorry. But…I…I don’t have anything smaller.

Owner: (still _______ and nervous) Well…er…just on moment. Maggie, look! ( the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth) Do you think it’s ________?

Hostess: Oh, dear, I don’t know. I _________ don’t know .

Owner : Well, I ______ _____ that the Bank of England ______ _____ two notes in this amount…

Anyway, I don’t think it can be a ______. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this ______. No thief would want that to happen.

Hostess: But he’s______ _______!

Owner: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. ( as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why,yes! That must be it!

Hostess: (___ her husband’s arm) And you put him in the back of the restaurant! Go and see him at one.

Owner: ( to Henry) I’m sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.

Henry: But it’s all I have _______ me.

Owner: Oh, please, don’t worry, sir. Doesn't matter at all. We’re so very glad that you even ______ our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.

Henry: Well, that's very kind of you.

Owner: Kind, sir? No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great _______! _______ ______ the bill, sir, please forget it.

Henry: Forget it? Well… thank you very much. That's very nice of you.

Owner: Oh, it’s for US to thank you, sir and I do, sir, ______ ______ _____ _____ ____ _____. (the owner, hostess and waiter all _______ as Henry leaves)

Act Ⅱ, Scene 4

Narrator: at the end of the month, Henry was very rich and didn't fear_______. ______ ______the_______ clothes, he drove by the brothers’ house in Portland Place and, _______ they were back, went to get Portia at her friend’s home.

Henry: My dear, the way you look today, it would be a ______ not to ask for a good _______ for the job they’ll give to me.

Portia: Oh, please remember that if we ask for too much we may get no salary at all; and then ______’ll happen to us, with no way in the world to ______ ______ _______?

( At the brothers’ home, the servant lets them in. the two brothers______ _______,waiting.)

Henry: Good morning, gentlemen .( Rodrick seems very surprised to see Portia) Portia, these are the men who helped me.

Portia: So very nice to meet you, kind sirs. ( She gives Oliver _____ ____ ____ ____ _____.)

Roderick: Er…Portia, I …

Oliver: We’re both glad to hear it, ______ now we can decide the _____ _____ Roderick and I _____. If you’ve won for me, you shall have any job as my gift. Have you got the million pound bank note?

Henry: Here it is, sir.

Oliver: I’ve won! Now what do you say, Roderick?

Roderick: I say that I’ve lost twenty thousand pounds. I never would have believed it. Why, that is amazing, man!

Henry: Come, let’s be going now, Portia.

Oliver: But wait, wait! The job, you know. I must give you a job, ______ I ______.

Henry: Well, thank you very much, but I really don’t want one now.

Portia: Henry, I’m ________ ______ you. You didn't thank the gentlemen _______. May I do it for you?

Henry: Let me see you try.

(Portia walks over to Roderick and gives him _____ _____. Then she sits in Oliver’s _____, puts her arms ______ his ______ and kisses him ______ the cheek. Oliver begins laughing.)

Portia: Papa,he says he doesn't want anything else from you.

Henry: (shocked) My dear, is that your papa?

Portia: He’s my ______ father, and the dearest one that ever was.

Henry: Oh, my dearest dear sir, I _____ ______ I said. You have got a job open that I want.

Oliver: Name it.

Henry: ___________________.

Oliver: Well, well,well! But you’ve never had such a job before. How can it be sure you can do it ______________?

Henry: Try me… oh,do, I beg of you! Give me 30 or 40 years , and …

Oliver: Oh, well, all right.

Narrator: Are Portia and Henry happy? There are not enough words in the biggest dictionary to________ it. Did the people of London have a good time with this ______ _____news? Yes. Portia’s ________ took that_______ _______ back to the Bank of England and ______ it. The bank note was then _____ for money but was his _______ _____ to the young couple. Yes, the bank note _______ _______millions of dollars, but not worth _______ ______as much as how Henry felt about Portia .

Unit 4

How life began on the earth

No one knows ________ how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, _______ _____ a _______ ________ _______, the universe ________ ______ a “ Big Bang “ that ______ matter in all _______. After that, atoms began to form and ________ to create stars and _______ _______.

For several billion years after the “ Big Bang “, the earth was still just_______ _____ _____ ____.

What it was to become was ________ until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust ______ ______ a ______ ______. The earth became so ______ that it was not _____ whether the _____ would last or not. It ______ _______ with fire and rock. They were ______ ______ to _____ carbon, nitrogen , water vapour and other gases , which _____ ______ make the earth’s atmosphere. ______ _____ _____ ____ ____ is that as the earth _______ ______, water began to _______ on its ________.

Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, ________the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not _________ ________ that water was to be ________l to the _______ of life. _____ many scientists ______ is that the _______ _______ of water allowed the earth to_____ harmful gases and acids______the oceans and seas. This _______ _____ ______ ____, which made_____ _______ for life to develop.

Many _______ _______years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the _____ of the water. They _______ and_______ the oceans and seas _____ oxygen, which ______ the later development of early shellfish and ______ _____ ______ fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They _______ _______in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants _____ ______ forests, reptiles appeared ______ _____ ____ ____. They ______ ______ ______ ____ _____ ______. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They ______ ______ too and _______on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the _____ of the dinosaurs _______. Why they suddenly disappeared still _______ ______ _______. This ________ made possible _____ _____ _____ _____ on the earth. These animals were different from all life ______ in the past, because they _____ ______ _____ young baby animals and _______milk to _____ them.

Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small celver animals, now with hands and feet, ________ and _______all over the earth. Thus they have,_____ _____ _______, become the most important animals

on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are _____ _____ _____carbon dioxide _____ the _______, which ______ heat ______ ______ ______the earth into space. ______ ____ ____ ____ _____, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot ____ ____ _____. So ____ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come _____ _____ _____ _____ this problem can be _______.

_____ _____ _____ the moon

Last month I was _____ ______ to have a chance to_____ ______ _____ into space with my friend Li Yanping, an _________. We visited the moon in our spaceship!

Before we leave, Li Yanping _______ ______ me that the _______ of the _______ would change three ______ on our journey and that the first change would be the most ______. Then we _____ _____. As the rocket _____ _____ the air, we _____ _____ ____ ____ our seats because we were trying to _____ the ____ of the earth’s gravity. It was ____ hard ______ we could not say anything to each other. ______ the ________ ________ and I was able to talk to him. “ Why is the spaceship not ______ ______ ______ the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall_____ _____.” I asked. “ We are too _____ _____the earth now to feel its _____, “ he explained, “ so we feel_____ _____there is _____ ______ at all. When we ______ ______ _____ the moon, we shall feel its gravity_______ us, but it will not be as _____ _____ ____as the earth’s. “ I ______ _____ immediately and ______ ______ _______ in our spaceship cabin __________ the earth __________ smaller and the moon larger.

When we got there, I wanted to _______ ________. “ Come on,” I said. “ If you are right, my _____ will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move ______ _____. I might even grow taller if I stay here ______ ______. I shall certainly______ _____!” I laughed and climbed down the ______ from the spaceship. But when I tried to ______ ______, I found I was carried

_____ _____ ____ ____ on the earth and ______ ______. “ Oh dear,” I cried, “ walking ______ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ gravity has changed.” After a while I _______ ______ _____ ____it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

_________ the moon’s gravity was not as _______ as leaving the earth’s. But _______ _____ the earth was very _________. We watched, _______ as fire____ ______on the outside of the spaceship _____ the earth’s _________ ______. Again we _______ ______ ______ _____ _____ our seats as we came back to land. “ That was very _______ but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know _____ ______ about gravity! Do you think we could ______ some stars next time?” “Of course,” he smiled, “ which star would you like to go to?”

________ _______ a black hole

The spaceship ______ Li Yanping and me ______ _____ _____ as we were ________ the “black hole”. We could see some________ ______ around _______ looked like an ________space. Li Yanping said, “ That empty hole is like a mouth always_______ _______ _____ _____. Those lights are things that ______ _____ _____ _______ _____by the gravity of the hole.” We watched with interest and _______ ______the lights which seemed to be going ______ and ______ round the ______ of the black hole. Just then the lights on our spaceship _______ ______ and the computer stopped working. What was happening? I tried to ______the spaceship_______ _______ the hole but it would not move. Would it eat us too?

_________ the spaceship jumped and began to move round the ______of the hole too. The gravity of the “black hole” ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____. As the spaceship moved round the black hole, I ______ ______ ______. My mouth ______ _____ and I closed my eyes. All the stories about _____ happened when you ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ of a “black hole” ______ _____ ____ ______.

But then the spaceship jumped again. This time it ______ ______ and away from this edge of the “black hole”. Someone _______ ______ would have seen the spaceship _______ ______ a bird away from the “black hole”. But we felt nothing. At last we were able to ______ _______ us. Luckily the computer ______ ______ working again. We realized that we ______ _______something new about “black hole”. If you _____ ________ the edge of a “black hole”, it will “eat” you and there is no ______; but if you do not, you may have _______ _______ ______ _______. How exciting!

Unit 5

A trip on “ The True North”

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were _____ _____ ____ _____ Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal _____ the Atlantic _____. ______ ______ take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east _____ Canada. The_____that they could _____ the whole ________was exciting.

Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting _____ _____ ______. He was going to take them and their ______ to ________ “The True North”, the cross Canada train. On the way to the _______, he ______ _____ their trip. “You’re going to see some great ______. ________ ______, you’ll _____ mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, _______ _____ ______ wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can ______ Canada ______ _____ _____five days, but they forget the fact _____ Canada is 5500 kilometers from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, ________ by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. ______ in the Rocky Mountains and ________ in the ______ ______ Vancouver one of Canada’s most popular cities to live _____. Its population _______ ______ ______. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are ______

tall, some _______ _____ 90 metres.”

That afternoon_______ the train, the cousins ______ _____ _____ _____ _____. Earlier that day, when they _______ the Rocky Mountains, they ______ _____ ____ _____ _____ some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, ______ _____ ____ _____ the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to ______ in the Stampede. Many of them ______ _____ _____ ____ riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars _______ ________.

After two days’ _______, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite _____. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live ______ a few hundred kilometres of the USA _____, and Canada’s population______ only _______ ______ thirty million, but now they were ______ to see _______ ______ _____ _____. They _______ ______ a wheat-growing province and saw farms that ______ thousands of acres. Afrer dinner, they were_______ in an _____ area, the busy ______ ______ of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more _______water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s _______ _____ _____, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.

That night as they slept, the train ______ ______ the top of Lake Superior, through the_____ forests and southward towards Toronto.

“The True North” from Toronto to Montreal

The next morning the _______ and maple trees ______their window were red, gold and orange, and there was ______ on the ground, ________ _______ ______ ______ ________in Canada.

________ ________ they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most ______ city in Canada. They were

_______ _______ for Montreal ______ later, so they ______ ______ _____ _____ of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and_______ ______ the lake. _______ _____ _____, they could see the ______cloud that ________from the great Niagara Falls, _______ is on the south side of the lake. The water ______ ______the Niagara River and _______ _____ _____ ______ _______ _____ ________ ______ ________.

They saw the ______ stadium, ______ _______ several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fang, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should ______ her from ______ _______ ______.”

They met Lin Fei ______ ______ ______ ______ Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. _____ dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins _____ ______ Lin Fei, who ______ _____ ____Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,” Lin Feitold them, “ because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, _______Hong Kong. It’s too bad you can’t go _____ ______ _______ Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s _________ four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”

The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal ______ ______ the next morning. At the _____, people everywhere were speaking French. There were _______ and______ in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don't leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal______ _____ ______ the water.” They ______ the afternoon in lovely shops and ______ artists in their ________ beside the water. As they sat in a Buffet restaurant ______ _______the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.

“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university______,” he said,” and I was ________ _______ you are from.” The girls told him they were_____ _____ _____ _____ Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That's too bad,” he said. “Montreal is a city ______ wonderful

restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the city has French _______ ______ ____. We love good coffee, good bread and good music.”

That night as the train _______ _______along the St Lawrence River ______the Gulf of St Lawrence and ______ ______ ______ ______ east coast, the cousins _______ ______ French restaurants and red maple leaves.

Iqaluit – the_______ town

The reporter, Beth Allen, arrived in a northern _________ called Iqaluit in Nunavut. Nunavut ______ _______in 1999_______ ______ ______ _____ for Inuit people. Its name means “Our Land” in their language. It is in the farthest northeastern area of Canada, north or the Arctic Circle, and is very cold – the _________ _______ _______in Nunavut is 35 degrees _________ ________.

Beth said, “ I knew it would be could in January, but not______cold! Maybe there is a ______ _______ that can take me into town.”

The ________ man who had been on the plane with her said, “I’ll take you into town, but I don’t have a dog sled. Most people only use the dogs _______ _______, why are you visiting Iqaluit?”

Beth answered, “ I’m writing a _______ for my newspaper about Iqaluit – we’d like to ______ it as a ________ place, but I think it’s too cold.”

The man laughed. “My name is Simon and I am Inuit,” he said. “I think it’s _____ _____ _____ here for holidays but more and more tourists are coming. They like_____ ______ and photographing

polar bears. I stay as ______ ______ ______ polar bears as possible. I like my warm office and my warm house.”

“I’m business man. My grandfather would live in ice houses when he ______ in winter, but not so many people do that now. the old men _____ ______ make one in a few hours. They used to live in _____ ________in summer – the tents were easy to move so the people could______ the animals.”

A few minutes later they ______ ______ Iqaluit, a town with ______ ________ ______ 6000, on Simon’s snowmobile. It was two o’clock in the afternoon, but it was already dark, and all the houses ______ _______ ______ _______. Beth said, “ Why is it so dark? It’s the _______ of the day!”

Simon _______, “It’s dark in the day because we are so far north. You should come in June. The sun _________all night in the north then. That's why it’s called ‘The Land of the Midnight Sun’.” There were people on the streets and___________ ______________. There were even a few dog teams.

必修四

Unit 1

A STUDENT OF AFRICAN ___________

It is 5:45 am and the sun_________just ______ _______Gombe National park in east Africa._______ Jane’s way of _________ chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane ______ ______ these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they _______ ______ ______. __________ a family of chimps ________ _______ is our first _______ of the day. This ______ _____ _____ _____the place _______we left the family ________in a tree the night before. Everybody sits

and waits in the _______of the trees ______ the family begins to ______ ______ and _____ _____.Then we follow as they _______ ________ the forest. Most of the time, chimps _______ feed or clean each other as a way of_______ _______ in their family. Jane ______ us that our group is going to be very _____and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all _______.We watch the mother chimp and her babies ______ in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their _____ for the night. We ________ that the______ between members of a chimp family is ______ _______ _____ in a human family.

Nobody before Jane ________ ________ chimp __________. She ______ years _______ and _______ their daily activities. Since her childhood she ______ _______ to work with animals in their own ________. However ,this was not easy. When she first ______ ______ Gombe in 1960,it was ________ for a woman to live in a forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months ______ she ______ to begin her______. Her work changed _____ _____ people think of chimps. For example, one important thing she __________ was that chimps hunt and eat meat. ______ ______ every thought chimps only eat fruit and nuts. She also discovered how chimps _________ ______ each other, and her ______ of their ________ ________ helped her ________ ________ their___________ ___________.

For forty years Jane Goodall has been _________ _______ _________ the rest of the world ________ and __________ the life of these animals. She _______ ______ that animals should be _____ in the )_________ and not used for __________ or ____________.She has helped to______ _____special places ________ the can live ________. She is _______ _____ _____ _____ but she says:

“______ I stop, it all comes_________ ______ and I remember the chimps in _______. It’s terrible. It _______ me when I watch the ______ chimps. I say_____ ______, ’Aren’t they lucky?’And then I think about small chimps ______ _____ though they have done ______ ______.Once you have seen that you can never forget…“ 61

She ________ ________ everything she wanted to do: ______ ______ animals in their own ________,________ ______ ______ ________ and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She _______ those who want to_________ ________ _________ of women.

WHY NOT _______ _______ HER WORK?

I ________ English ,biology,and chemistry at school,but ______ ______ should I ________to study at university ? I did _______ know the answer _____ one evening ______ I ______ _____ ______ the computer to ______ _____ ______ ________great women of China.

________ ______ I _______ _______ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a ________ _______women’s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she _____ _____ very busy in her _______ _________ ,_________ ________to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them _______ _______ _________. It was a small book_________ how to _____ ____ ______ _____ ______ _____ _________ _______ babies.She gave some simple_____ _____ ____for______ babies clean, _______ and ______ ______sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked ______ at the text and_____ that it _____ ______ _____ women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an _______ they could not ________ ______ ________.

______ _______ ______ _______ how difficult it was for a woman to get______ ________ at that time. That was a _______ _______ girls’ education ______ always _______ _______ _____ boys’. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? _______ ________ made me realize that _____ ______ hard work and determination _____ _______ _____ her______ ______ ______got her into ______ school. What made her succeed ______ ______ was the kindness and ______ she _______ _____all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi,______ after a day’s work,went late at night to ______ _____ _____ for a poor family who could not pay her.

By now I could not _____ _____find out more about her . I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi ______ ______ ______ ________ _______ ______ her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. ________she made sure that about 50,000 babies______ ______ _______.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and ______ _______ her good work? It was still not too late for me to ______ my studies, __________ ______ the university ___________ examinations , and …

ELIZABETH FRY

When the Quaker Elizabeth ________ Joseph Fry, it ______ ______ ______her life would be ______ and _______.However,Elizabeth _____ _______ ______ ______ her _____ life and her _______ family.She saw many poor people ________ near her and she wanted to help them.

One day she was asked to visit a ______ .At first the prison ______ did not want to let her visit the ________ ________ because they_______ the prisoners would _____ her, but Elizabeth was not afraid. She realized that the prisoners _______ _______ because they ______ ______ like animals.They had no beds,______clothes,food or _______.Any child ______ ______ ______ had to stay there and had _____ ______ of an education. This _____ they would probably have to beg or steal when they______ _____ and then would _____ _____prison.So the first thing Elizabeth did was to ______ food,clean clothes and _____ for beds. Later she began a prison school for the children and taught the women to ____, ____and make goods to_____.In this way they able to make a little money for themselves and ______ _____ ______.Her kindness helped her ______ the friendship of prisoners and they began to try to ______ ______ ______ for themselves .Later Elizabeth was asked to go to the _____ of Britain to discuss ______ ______ _____ the conditions for prisoners。

Of course she did not do all the work_____ ______ _____.Other Quaker women helped her and

______ _______ the country______ _______ for her work.Some people did not like her ideas and ________with her.They said that she should ______ more time with her family.Other people said she enjoyed ______ _______ _____ _____.However,her husband,Joseph,_______ and _____ her,so she ________ ________ to help improve the ______ of poor prisoners till she died. Her ideas did not _____after her death and her work ________ _________ in 1947 when the Quakers _____ _______ the Noble Peace Prize.

Unit 2

A ________ for all people

Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ _____, ______ he works the land to do his research._______, his _______ face and arms and his _____, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, ______ ______ he has ______ for the past five ______. Dr Yuan Longping grows _______ ______ _____ super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first ________ _________ in the world to grow rice that has_____ _____ _____. This ______ ____ of rice makes _____ possible to produce ______ ______ of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice________ in China each year is from this hybrid strain.

_______ ______ a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan _______ ______ Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. ______ ______, finding ways to grow more rice ______ ______ ______ _____ ______. As a young man, he saw the _______ ______ _______ ______ the rice output. At that time, hunger was a _______ problem in many parts of the ________. Dr Yuan_______ ______ a way to increase rice ______ ______ _______ _______ ______ of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could ______ only fifty million tons of rice. In ______ ______ ______, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These______ _______ mean that 22% of the world’s people ______ ______ from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now_______ ______ ______ in India, Vietnam and many other ______ ______ countries

to _______ their rice harvests. _______ _______ his research, farmers are producing harvests ________ _______ ________ ______ before.

Dr Yuan _____quite _______ ______ his life. However, he doesn't _______ _____ _____ famous. He feels it gives him ______ _______ to do his research. He _______ ______ ______ time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. _______ ______ ______ ______ or _______ _______ ______ ______ also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person _____ too much money has more _______ _______ fewer troubles. He _______ gives millions of Yuan to ______ others for their__________ ________ ________.

Just________ _______ things, however, _______ nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each _____ _____ _____ was as big as an _____ of corn and each grain of rice was ______ _____ _____ a peanut. Dr Yuan ______ from his dream ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to _____ his rice so that it can be grown _____ ______ _____. One dream is not always enough, ______for a person who loves and ______ _______ his people.

Chemical or ________ farming?

_________ the past half century, using _______ ________has become very ______ in farming. Many farmers ________ them as a great way to stop crop ________ and___________. Recently, however, scientists ________ ________ _______ that _______ ______ of these fertilizers can ______ ______ ________the land and, ________ _______ _________, to people’s health.

What are some of the problems _______ _______chemical fertilizers? First, they_______ the land by ______ the helpful ________ and pests as well as the ________ ones. Chemicals also stay ______ ______

_____ and ________water for a long time. This ______ crops and, therefore, animals and humans, ________chemicals _______ ______ the crops and cannot just ______ ______ _______. These chemicals in the _______ _______ ______ _______ ________ people’s bodies _______ _______. Many of these chemicals can ______ ________ cancer or other illnesses. _______ ________, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with ________ __________ usually grow too fast to ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. They may look beautiful, but _______ there is usually more water than _________ and _________.

_______ ______ _______, some farmers and many _______ are beginning to ______ ______ ______ _______. Organic farming is _______ farming _______ using any________. They ______ ______keeping their soil _______ and ______ ______ ______. A healthy soil _______disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. ________ ________, therefore, often prefer using ______ ______ from animals ______ _______. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields ______ ______ ______ and so more ______. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops ______ _______ ______.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil _______. They often change the kind of crop in each field ______ _____ _____, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans_____ ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______, ______it _______ _______ crops such as wheat or corn that need ______ and ______ soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different________of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground’s ________ ______ _______ vegetables that _______ _____ _______ ________. Some organic farmers _______ planting grass between crops to_________wind or water________ ______ ________ the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to _______ _______ _______ ________for the next year’s crop. These many different _______ ______ _______ have the same ________: to grow good food and _________ _________the environment or people’s health.

An early farmer __________

Some people thought Jia Sixie was a _______man. He _______ ______ for the _______ and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to ________. Jia Sixie, however, had other plans. He _______ ______ _______ ________ in _________ and _________ to do something to make Chinese farming even better.

Jia Sixie lived in the six century AD. He was born in Yidu in Shandong ________ and worked in Gaoyang, ______ is also in Shangdong. As he______ _______ the countryside on his journeys for his work he ______ ______ _______ the fields. Some of them were greener and had more crops than others. Some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. He ______ ______ _____ ______. What could a farmer do to get______ ________ from his_______? ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ that would help them. He thought he could use his _______ to _____ _______ the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them.______ ______ _______ he _______ _________ from farmers who did well, studied it and ________ __________ to find the best way.

For example, he studied ways of _______ _________ and advised farmers to ________ ________ which had the best color. Then he told them to ________ them to ______ all winter. The next spring the seeds should ______ _______ _______ of their seed-heads and planted. He studied how to______ ______ _______. He advised farmers to ______ _______ from the ground before planting crops. They could either let the animals eat the weeds or______ ______ _____ ______ so that the weeds were covered and would ______. Then he gave advice ______ _____ ______ the soil. The first time each year, farmers should dig _________, but the second time should be ______ _______. Therefore the autumn ________of the soil should be ________ than the spring _________. He suggested ______ _______ in the field every year: rice one year and ______ the next so that they would always_______ ______ ______. They should also grow different plants _______ ______ ______ _______ in the field. He also gave_______ ______ ______ _____ fish, keep a garden and even make wine.

He _______ _______ his in a book called Qi Min Yao Shu, which ______ ______ an important __________of the knowledge of farming. For centuries after Jia Sixie died, it ________ _______ by Chinese farmers and students of __________.

Unit 3

A ________ OF NONVERBAL_________

As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that ______ _____ ______ the human face”, and _____ ______ _____nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He ________ the lives of Americans and British _______ two world wars and the hard years_____ _______. He made people laugh at _____ _____ ______ they felt________, so they could ______ ______ _____ ________their lives.

Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 18. His parents were both poor music ________ _______. You may find it ____________ that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such_______was _________ in________ families at that time, _________ ________the family ______ was often________. _________ his father died, ________ the family even _______ ________, so Charlie spent his childhood ______ _______ his ______mother and his brother. By his________, Charlie had, through his ________, become one of the most popular child _______ in England. He could mime and act the fool _______ _______ ______ _______. No one was ever_______ _________him----his ______ ______ made everything_________.

________ _______ _______ ________, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved

for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.

How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoes as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!

Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films the starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spend his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.

AN APRIL FOOL’S JOKE: THE NOODLE HARVEST

April Fool’s day, or April 1st, is known in many countries as a day for playing jokes on others. It is usually a time when children make fun of each other, but sometimes other people can get caught in the fun too.

One of the most famous jokes in England took place on British television in 1957. It was a Monday night when there were always many serious programmes on the television. One of them

was called Panorama, this show explored problems and progress all over the world, so nobody was surprised when it began with a report on the excellent noodle harvest in the south Switzerland. The programme mentioned two reasons for the good crop: an unusually warm winter and the disappearance of the insect that attacked the noodle crop every year. The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets. The people watching were told that they may not have heard of noodles from this part of the world because noodles were grown as part of small family businesses.

The programme makers makers realized that people might wonder why noodles were always the same size so that they explained that “it was the result of many years’ patient research with the tree to produce noodles of exactly the same length.” But even so they explained, the life of a noodle farmer was not easy. “The last two weeks of March are an anxious time for noodle farmers. There is always a chance of very cold weather spoiling their crop. Then it is difficult for them to get top prices on the markets.”

Many people in England believed this story. They rang the BBC to find out hoe to grow their own noodle tree. They were told to “place a piece of noodle in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.” This may seem very silly, but in the 1950s very few British people travelled aboard for their holidays and even fewer of them ate noodles. So it seemed possible to imagine that noodles grew on tree like apples, pears and nuts. People also trusted the Panorama programme for its careful research and serious information. So they were shocked to find the next day that they had all believed an April Fool’s joke. Even today the report of the noodle harvest is remembered as one of the best April Fool’s jokes ever!

Unit 4

Communication: No Problem?

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We should take them first to their dormitories and then to the student cantee. After an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.

The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand. They both apologized--- another cultural mistake!

Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hand and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the France custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.

As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.

These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general--- not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world cultural crossroads!

Showing our feelings

Body language is one of the most powerful s of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all knds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.

The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – it’s function is to show happiness and to people at ease. It does not always means that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles,

such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.

From the time we are babie, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone show anger. Making a fist and shaking it alomost means that someone is angry and threatening another person.

There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down s for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.

How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.

Being respectful to people is subjective, besed on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.

With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can ofen be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each others as well as we do!

THE OPEN HAND-A UNICERSAL SIGN

When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, but what if we don’t know who the new person is? What if we are not introduced by a friend? What if we are meeting a stranger in a unfamiliar place? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect themselves. We have to make sure we can trust people we don’t know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous. Showing our hands means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of shaking hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually strong than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, in cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we trust the other person, and that the other person can trust us.

Not all cultures use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. The traditional greeting in China was to cover the left hand with the right and bow. Japanese people might cover one hand with other and, depending on whom they are greeting, bow slightly or quite low. In India , Hindu people join their hands in front of their faces and bow their heads. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead to show respect. Even young people in the West now give each other the “high five”, when they slap each other’s hands high in the air. They are all keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand means, “Welcome, you are safe with me.”

Unit 5

Theme parks – fun and mor tha fun

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture,science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights

and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favorite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around tha fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourise is increasing wherever there is a Disney land. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Bisit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steamengine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden toller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywod to have fun learning all about America’s historical southeastern culture!

If you want to experience the ancient days and gread deess of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you. Every are of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you

can watch magic shows with Meilin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting are is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm are, and learn how people in ancient England rantheir farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

Futuroscope – excitement and learning

Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trp to Brazil and experinced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that hace seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!

I did allthis in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and the beyond. Visitors can get clost to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much more.

I bought time tickets for myself and my friends at the park’s entrance, but tickets are also

available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for calss outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope ihas so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot – be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes.

The Polynesian Cultural Center

Some theme parks are not only amusing but also educational. Take the Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) in Hawaii for example. It not only shows visitors the Polynesian way of life but also protects their skills and culture for the future. Polynesia is the name given to many groups of small islands that are spread about the Pacific Ocean.

The PCC is set in 42 acres of beautiful countryside where visitors can see seven different traditional Polynesian island villages. Villagers from many island communities come to show visitors their styles of dress and different customs. For example, you can see different skills of the villagers. You can learn how they make clothes from bark and how they climb very tall trees with their bare feet or see what kind of wedding ceremonies they have. They also tell you about their social customs and show you their cooking methods and their dances.

Their most important skill is boat-building, which allowed the islanders to explore all the islands in the Polynesian Triangle. We know that in their history they were sea travellers moving from island to island. They were able to find their way using the smell of the win, the movements of the fish and seaweed, and the height and direction of the waves. They were very clever sailors. Now they use

those boat-building skills to make long boats and show the races and the battles that they took part in long ago. All this helps keep the skills and the technology of the island people alive.

必修五

Unit 1

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA

John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to

find out why.

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.

Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.

In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in the loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.

In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.

Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things tell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.

Unit 2

PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY

People many wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.

First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.

To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland,

England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.

The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 106os and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxon, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.

If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON

Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.

There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s house in London. Oh, she had so mush to tell her friends!

The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.

The last day she visited karl Marx’s statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show,

she felt very proud of her country.

The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen?” she wondered as she fell asleep.

Unit 3

FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Spacemail: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.com 15/11/3008(Earthtime)

Dear Mum and Dad,

I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008 . Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.

I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?

At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “It’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and flowing him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.

Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved –it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said. “You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

More news later from your loving son,

Li Qing

I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS

My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide(G) showed us around along a moveable path.

G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?

During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughjtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.

G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right?(We nodded.) Well,

now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soul” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?

I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.

G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programmer robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.

My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.

Unit 4

MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT

“unforgettable”, says new journalist

Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English

newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.

HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?

ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?

HX: (laughing)That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.

ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.

HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you ‘re interested.

ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

HX: Good.

ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?

HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the

information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.

ZY: What should I keep in mind?

HX: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.

ZY: Why is listening so important?

HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.

ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?

HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.

ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?

HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were skeptical. So we arranged an interview

between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.

ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too!

HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.

GETTING THE “SCOOP”

“quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.

His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate, Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.

The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department,. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou

Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,” said Zhou Yang excitedly.

The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colors were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colors had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a colored page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!”

Unit 5

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.

Causes of burns

You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.

Types of burns

There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second, or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

● First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.

● Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.

● Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.

Characteristics of burns

First degree burns ●dry, red and mildly swollen

● mildly painful

● turn white when pressed

Second degree burns ● rough, red and swollen

● blisters

● watery surface

● extremely painful

Third degree burns ● black and white and charred

● swollen; often tissue under them can be seen

● little or no pain if nerves are damaged;

may be pain around edge of injured are.

First aid treatment

1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewelry near the burn.

2. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain

becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.

3. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.

4. Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

5. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.

7. If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD

Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honored at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbor after a shocking knife attack.

John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people

who had saved the life of another.

John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.

It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.

“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.

John had taken parting in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”

Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.

选修六Unit 1

A _____________ HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

Art is _________by the customs and ________ of a people. _________in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to ________ all of them in such a short text. __________, this text will describe only the most important ones, ________ from the sixth century AD.

The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to_______ ________ _______. A ________ artist of this period was not interested in ________ nature and people as they really were. A ______ picture at this time was full of _________ _________, which_______ a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was __________ that ideas were ________ in the 13th century________painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious __________ in a more______ way.

The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values ______ _______ those_______in the Middle Ages. People began to ________ less _______ religious_______ and ________ a more humanistic _______ ______ life. At the same time painters ______ _______ classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature _______ they really were. Rich people wanted to ______ their own paintings. so they could ________ their _________ palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and_________ as well as their ___________ and ____________.

One of the most important ________ during this period was how to draw things in ________. This _________ was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they ______ ______ ________ they were looking through a hole in a wall at _______ _______ ______. If the ______ of perspective had not been _________, no one would have been able to paint such _______ pictures.

________ __________, oil paints were also _______ at this time, which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new _________, we would not be able to see the many great ________ ________ _________this period is famous.

Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a _______ ________ society to a ________ _________ one. Many people moved from the _________ to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. _________, these changes also______ _______ new painting ______. Among the painters who ______ ______ ______the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

The Impressionists were the first painters to work ________. They _____ _____ ______ show how light and shadow ______ ______ objects at different times of day. However, because ______ light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as ______ as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very ______ ______it. They said that the painters were ________ and their paintings were__________.

Modern Art (20th century to today)

At the time they were ________, the Impressionist paintings were ______, but today they are accepted as the beginning of _______ we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists ______artists to look at their environment ______ ______ ______. There are _____ _____modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting ______ might not_______. On the one hand, some modern art is ________; _______ _______, the painter does not _______to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead_______ ________ certain qualities of the object, ________color, line and

shape to ________ them. On the other hand, some paintings of ______ _______ are so _______ that they look like photographs. These_________are so different. Who can________ ________ painting _________ there will be in the future?

THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART ____________

The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)

Many art _______ would rather visit this small art _______ than any _____ in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, _______ his house, _______ and art_______ _______ the American people. Frick ______ ______ ______ _______ per-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are ______________ in this excellent collection. You can also_______ Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are_______ _______ ______ _______.

Guggenheim Museum (5th Avenue and 88th Street)

This museum _______ 5,000 superb modern paintings, ________ and drawings. These art works are not all _______ at the same time. The _______ is always ______. It will _______ ______those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also ________. When you walk into the ________, you feel as if you were inside a ________, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the________. There are no stairs, just a _________ path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.

Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)

The __________ of this museum ________ _____ the _________ of its art collection. This ________ more

than 5,000 years of __________ from many parts of the world, __________ America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum ________- more than just the ______ ______ ______ _____. It ______ you _____ ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a _______ Ming garden, a _________ room in an 18th century French house and many other ______ _______.

Museum of Modern Art ( 53rd Street. Between 5th and 6th Avenues)

_____ ______ _____ _____ so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are __________ in the same museum. The ________ of Western art _________ paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of _______: the ______ _______ is not cheap and the museum is often very__________.

Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)

The Whitney______ an excellent collection of _________ American painting and_______. There are no _______ ________ in this museum and exhibitions ______ _____ _____ _____. Every two years, the Whitney _______ ______ ______ _______ of new art by ______ _______. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.

Unit 2

A FEW SIMPLE ________ OF ENGLISH POEMS

There are _______ reasons_______ people write________. Some poems tell a story or _______ something in a way that will give the reader_______ _______ _______. Others try to _______ _______ ______. Poets use many different _______ ______ ______ to ________ _______. In this text, however, we will look at

a few of the simpler forms.

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is _______ rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a _______ ________ of children’s poetry. The language is _______ but ________, and they ______ small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of ______. The poems may not ______ ________ and even seem ________, but they are easy to learn and _______. By _______ ________ the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.

(A) Hush, little baby, don’t say a word, Papa’s going to buy you a mockingbird.

If that mockingbird won’t sing, Papa’s going to buy you ______ _______ ________.

If that diamond ring ______ _______ brass, Papa’s going to buy you_____ _________.

If that looking-glass gets _______, Papa’s going to buy you a billy-goat.

If that billy-goat ________ ________, Papa’s going to buy you another today.

One of the _______ _______ of poems are those like B and C that _______ ______. List poems have a ______ ______ _______ and ______ ________which give both a _______and a rhythm _____ the poem. Some rhyme (like B) _______ others do not (like C).

(B) I saw a fish-pond all on fire

I saw a fish-pond all ______ _______,

I saw a house ______ ______ a squire,

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I saw a person __________ _________,

I saw a cottage in the sky,

I saw a balloon _______ ______lead,

I saw a coffin drop down dead,

I saw two sparrows_________ ______ ________,

I saw two horses __________ ________,

I saw a girl just like a cat,

I saw a kitten ________ a hat,

I saw a man who saw these too,

And said though strange they all were true.

We would have won…

if Jack_________ _______ _______ _______,

if we’d had just a few more minutes,

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if we had trained harder,

if Ben _________ _______ ________ ______ _______ Joe,

if we’d had thousands of fans screaming,

if I hadn’t_________ ________ _______ ______ the ball,

if we hadn’t _______ _______ ______ ______the night before,

if we hadn’t taken it easy,

if we hadn’t ________ _______ _______ _______.

We would have won…

if we’d been better!

Another simple form of poem that students can ________write is the cinquain, a poem ______ ______ ______five lines. With these, students can ______ ______ ______ _____ in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.

(D) Brother (E) Summer

Beautiful, ________ Sleepy, salty

_________, shouting, laughing Drying, drooping, dreading

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Friend and enemy too ______ _______,________ _______

Mine Endless

(F) A ______ ________ (G) Snow having melted

Is coming back to the _______. The whole village is brimful

Look, a butterfly! Of happy children.

(by Moritake) (by Issa)

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is ______ ______ ______17 syllables. It is not a________form of English poetry, but _____very _______ _______ English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can _______ ______ ______ _____ and _______ _____ ______ ______ ______the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G ) above are translations from the Japanese.

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry – Tang poems from China______ ________? A lot of Tang poetry_______ ______ _____ ______English. This Tang poem(H) is a translation from the Chinese.

With so many different forms of poetry______ ______ ______, students may _______ want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and _______ _______ ______ _________.

(H) Where she _______ her husband

______ _______ _____ the river flows.

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Never looking back,

_________ ________ stone.

Day by day upon the mountain top,

wind and rain _______.

Should the traveler return,

this Stone would __________ _________.

(by Wang Jian)

I’VE SAVED THE SUMMER

I’ve saved the summer

And I give it all to you

To _______ _______ winter mornings

When the snow is new.

I’ve saved some sunlight

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If you should ever need

A place away from darkness

Where your________can_______.

And for myself I’ve kept your smile

When you were but nineteen,

Till you’re older you’ll not know

What _____ young _______ can mean.

I know no answers

To help you on your way

The answers ______ somewhere

_______ ________ ______ _____the day.

But if you’ve _______ ______ ______ love

I’ll give you all I own

It might help you down the road

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____________ you’ve found your own.

(by Rod McKuen)

Unit 3

ADVICE FROM GRANDAD

Dear James,

It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just _____ from _______ ______ ______ _____to an old castle. It seems ______that_____ _____ ______ I am still _____enough to_______ 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It’s my birthday ______two weeks time and I’ll be 82 years old! I think my long and _______ life must______ ______ ______ the healthy life I live.

This brings me to the _____ ______ for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding _______ difficult to _____ _____ _____. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and ______ _____ it is to stop. You see, _______ ______ I also smoked and_______ ________ ______cigarettes.

By the way, did you know that this is because you ______ ________in three different ways? First, you can ______ ______ ______ ______ nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of ______ in cigarettes. This means that _____ _____ ______ your body _______ ______ _______ ______ nicotine in it. So when the ______ ______your body, you get _______ _________. I remember ________ ______ and sometimes even ______ _______. Secondly, you _______ _______ _______ ______. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again. You begin to do it _________. ________, you can _________ _______ _______. I believed I was

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happier and more ___________after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was _______ in all three ways, so it was very difficult to _______. But I _______ ________ __________.

When I was young, I didn’t know much about the _______ _______ of smoking. I didn’t know, for example, that it could______ ______ _____ ______ your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. I certainly didn’t know their babies may have _____ ______ _____ _________or even be________ in some way. ______ _____ _____ _____ that my cigarette smoke could ________ the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I ________ ______. She said my breath and clothes _______, and that the_____ _____ _____ _____ were ________ _______. She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again ________ I stopped! I also noticed that I _______ _________quickly, and that I wasn’t enjoying sport ______ _____. When I ______ ______ ________he school football team because I was ______, I knew it was _______ ______ _____ _______.

I am _________ you some ________ I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and ________your __________. I ______ ______ ______because I want you to live ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ I have.

Love from

Grandad

How can you stop smoking?

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It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions______ ________ ______ _______ and ______ _____ _______. Here are a few __________.

________ __________. _______ ______a day to quit. Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be __________, such as the day of an exam. ______ ______ _____ _____all the _____ you will get from stopping smoking. Then ______ ______your ______ _____ ______cigarettes.

________ ________. ______ _______ you feel like smoking a ______, ______yourself that you are a non-smoker. _______ the ______of __________ you wrote earlier.

_______ ______ ______. _______ ______ smoking a cigarette, do something else._____ ______ _____ ______, _________ your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; _____ _____, do anything to _____your _______ and ________ your hands _______.

_________. If you start to feel ______ or ________, do not ______ _____ ____ _____. Try some _____ _________ instead. Do some ___________ exercises _______ ________ you feel_________.

Get help if you need it. _________ to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or _______ a stop-smoking group. If you feel_______, you might lie to talk to a doctor or _______ about something to help you, like nicotine _________ gum.

________ ________. Do not be________ if you have to try __________ times before you finally stop smoking. If you _______ and_______ _______ ________, do not feel________. Just try again. You will _________ __________.

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HIV/AIDS; ARE YOU AT RISK?

HIV is a ________. A virus is a very______ _______ ______ that _______disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the______ virus or the SARS virus. HIV ______ a person’s_______ ______; _______ _______, the part of the body that _______ _______. You can have HIV_____ ______ _______ for a long time, but ________ HIV will ________ your ______ ______ so much that your body can _____ _____ ______ ______. This ______ of the illness ______ ______ AIDS. If you ______ AIDS, your______of _______ are very_________.

HIV is _______ _______ blood or the ______that the body makes during sex. For a person to ______ ________, blood or ______ fluid that ______ ______ _______, has to get ______the body through________ skin or by________. One day scientists will find _____ _____ _____HIV/AIDS.______ that happens, you need to_______ ______. Here are some things you can do to make sure you ______ ____.

If you inject drugs:

do not______ your ______ ______ anyone else. Blood from another person can _____ ______ or in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could_______ the virus ____your own blood.

_____ ______ _____anything else that a person has used ______ ______ ______. Blood could______ _______ ______ _____.

If you have sex with a male or a female:

use a condom. This will_______ sexual fluid _____ ______ _______ _____ _____ _______.

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The following statements are NOT true.

A person cannot get HIV ______ _____ ______ they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could ________ ________.

You can ______ by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people _______ HIV _______ ______ _______. _____ _____ only when the disease has progressed to AIDS______a person begins to_______ _______.

Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person ______ ______ HIV/AIDS ______ _______ the virus. Women ______ _______ ______ ______ _____ ______ ______than men.

If you hug, _____or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease from ______ or sexual fluid. _______, people with HIV sometimes ______ their friends because of _______. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those _______ _______ HIV/AIDS. _____ ______ _____ ______, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.

You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no ________of this.

Unit 4

THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER- BUT DOES IT ________

During the 20th century the temperature of the earth _____about one degree Fahrenheit. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when _____ _____ other natural

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changes. So how has this ______ _______ and does it matter? Earth Care’s Sophie Armstrong _______ these questions.

There is no _______ ______the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that is it human activity______ has caused this global warming rather than a ______ but natural __________.

All scientists________ _______ the view _____ the increase in the earth’s temperature ______ _____ _____ the burning of _______ fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this ________ are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one ______ _______ is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the ‘greenhouse effect’. This is when ______ ______ ______ gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor,______ heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. ________ the ‘greenhouse effect’, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius _______ than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we_____ huge ______ _____extra carbon dioxide _______ the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy _____ ____ be _______ in the atmosphere________the global temperature to _____ _____.”

We know that the levels of carbon dioxide ______ _______ greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who _____ ______ _______ of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ______ ______ from around 315 _____ to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2).

All scientists accept this _____. They also agree that it is the ________ of more and more fossil fuels that has ______ ______ this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the ______ ______ warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.

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However, the ______ of scientists ________ this rise are completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the ________ which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a _______. She says, “We can’t_______ the climate well enough to know______ _____ _____, but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a ______ of several metres in the ______ ______, or predict ______ storms, floods, ________, famines, the ________ of diseases and the _________ of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who ______ _______ _______ this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They _______ that any warming will be ______ with few bad __________ consequences. In fact, Hambley states,” More carbon dioxide is actually a ________ thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will_______more; it will ________ a greater range of animals – all of which will make life for human beings better.”

Greenhouse gases continue to _______ ______ in the atmosphere. Even if we start ________ the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for ________ or centuries. No one knows the_________ of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the ______ too great?

WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?

Dear Earth Care,

I am doing a project _____ ______ ______ my school about global warming. Sometimes I feel that ________ can ______ little_______ ______ such huge _______problems. However, I still think people should __________ improvements in the way we use energy today. As I’m not sure where to ______ ______my project, I would _________any suggestions you may have.

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Thank you

Ouyang Guang

Dear Ouyang Guang,

There are many people who have a ________ like yours, but they do not believe they _____ _____ _____ to do anything to ______ our environment. That is not true. _________, _________ can make a difference. We do not have to_______ ______ _____ pollution.

The _________ of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually ______ ______ ____ _____ _____ many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to ______ it. They should get you started with your project.

1 We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to _____ ______ _____ _____ _____so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off! Do not_____ _____ ______this. So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off. If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of ______ ______ _____ _______.

2 _______ _______ use a lot of energy –so walk or ride a bike if you can.

3 ________ cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if ________ _______ you to. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new __________, so, if you can, buy things _________from ______ ________.

4 Get your parents to buy things that are ________ ______ ______—this _______ cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.

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5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they________ carbon dioxide from the air and _______ _____ ______ when you look at them.

6 _______ _______ ______ _______, be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about ________ ________and tell them ________ you have learned.

Remember—your ____________ ________!

Earth Care

Unit 5

AN EXCITING JOB

I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to _______ places and work ________ people from all over the world. Sometimes working ________, sometimes in an office, sometimes _______ _______ ______ and sometimes meeting ______people and tourists, I am never _______. Although my job is _________ __________, I don’t mind because danger _______ me and makes me feel _______. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect _______ people from one of the most powerful ________on earth—the volcano.

I was _______ ______ a volcanologist _______ for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is ________ ________ for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most ________ volcanoes in Hawaii. ________ ________ and ________ the information, I help other scientists to ________ _______ lava from the volcano will ______ next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the ________ of the lava ______ ______ _____ to leave their houses. _________, we

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cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or ______ ______ ______ ______.

When ________ ________ _______ from a volcano and_______back to earth, it causes _______ _______ than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, _______ the rocks _______. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain ______ ______ ______ _____ because it _______ everything in its path under the ________ rock. However, the ______ itself is really ________ to watch and I shall never forget my first ______ on one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. ______ _________ hard all day, I went to bed early. I was______ _______ ______ ________ ________ _________my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train _______ my window.________ __________ quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t_______ _______ _______. I _______ _______ _______go back to sleep _______ _______ my bedroom became as bright as day. I ______ _____ ______ the house______ the back garden ______I could see Mount Kilauea______ _______ _______. There_______ _______ an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was _________ hundreds of metres ______ the air. It was an__________ __________ __________.

The day after this eruption I ______ ______ ______ ______ have a______ ______ look at it. Two other scientists and I were _______ _______ the mountain and _______ _______ ______ ______ ______to the crater that _______ _______ ______ during the eruption. _________ _______ ______ special clothes from the _________, we put them on before we went ______ ______. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white ________ _______that_______ our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk_______these suits, but we slowly_______ ______ _______ to the_______of the crater and _______ ________ ________ the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to _______ some lava ________ _______ _______, but _______ _______my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.

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Today, I am just as _______ about my job as the day I first started. _______ ______ volcanoes now for many years, I _______ _______ _______ ______ their _______ as well as their ______ to _______ great ___________.

THE LAKE OF ________

Changbaishan is in Jilin ________, Northeast China. ______ _______ this beautiful, mountainous______ is _______ forest. Changbaishan is China’s largest ________ _______ and it is kept in its _______ _______ for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to ______. The ______ of the land _______ ________700 metres above______ ______ ______ over 2,000 metres and ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ _________ rare plants and animals. ______the rare animals ______cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers. Many people come to Changbaishan to study its _______ plants and animals. Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the ________ ________or to________ in the hot water pools. However, the ________ that _______ ______ ______ ______ in the______is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.

Tianchi is a deep lake that has ______ in the crater of a ______ volcano on top of the mountain. The lake is 2,194 metres above _______ _______, and more than 200 metres deep. In winter the surface ________ ________. It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain. When you arrive you ______ _______ not only ______ the _______ of its ______ ______, but also by the ______ of the other sixteen mountain peaks______ _______ Tianchi.

There are many stories told about Tianchi. The most well-known_______three young women from heaven. They were________in Tianchi when a bird flew _____them and______a small fruit onto the

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dress of the youngest girl. When she______ _______ the fruit to smell it, it ______ ______ her mouth. _______ ________the fruit, the girl________ ________and later ______ ______ ______ a handsome boy. It is said that this boy, who had _______ ______ _____ _____ languages and________, is the father of the Manchu people.

If you ______ ______ _____ _______ visit the Lake of Heaven with your______ one, don’t forget to ______ ______ _____ _______ the clear blue water to_______ your love will be as deep and _______ as the lake itself.

选修七

Unit 1

MARTY’S STORY

Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am “one in a million”. In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can’t run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live one day at a time.

Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for

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nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.

One problem is that I don’t look any different from other people. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.

My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming, My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.

In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one things to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don’t feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.

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Thank you for reading my story.

A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECT

Ms L Sanders Alice Major

Chief architect Cambridge Street

Cinema Designs Bankstown

44 Hill Street

Bankstown

24 September, 200—

Dear Ms Sanders,

I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema. I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about the needs of disabled customers. In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things:

1 Adequate access for wheelchairs. It would be handy to have lifts to all parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter. In some cinemas, the lifts are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive places. As disabled people have to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.

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2 Earphones for people who have trouble hearing. It would help to fit sets of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them. This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.

3 Raised seating. People who are short cannot always see the screen. So I’d like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily. Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.

4 Toilets. For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing. And if the doors could be opened outwards, disabled customers would be very happy.

5 Car parking. Of course, there are usually spaces specially reserved for disabled and elderly drivers. If they are close to the cinema entrance and /or exit, it is easier for disabled people to get to the film in comfort.

Thank you for reading my letter. I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval. Disabled people should have the same opportunities as able-bodied people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity. I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people. It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profits!

Yours sincerely,

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Alice Major

Unit 2

_________________________ ____________________

Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun _________ ________ a _______ robot. It was going to________ _______ _______ by Larry’s wife, Claire.

Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, ________ as her husband would ______ _______ for three weeks, but Larry_______ her that the robot wouldn’t______her or allow her ______ _____ _____. It would be_____ ________. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt_______. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with ________ ________ and ______ ________ _____although his______ _______ never changed.

On the second morning Tony, ________ an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help _________. She________ ________ and quickly told him to go. It was ________ and _________ that he looked so ________.

One day, Claire _______ that she didn’t think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very _______ to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. But she began to trust him. She told him how she was overweight and this made her feel unhappy. Also she felt her home wasn’t elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.

As a favor Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. So

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Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand. She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.

Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding. Then she went into a jewelry shop to buy a necklace. When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. The clerk immediately changed his attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry, not Tony.

When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair. Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be. “You can be like her,” Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy. She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest for the day.

The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room. At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her,

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bending his face close to hers. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. Tony freed her and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything!

The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.

Then she remembered—Tony was just a machine. She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.

The company was very pleased with Tony’s report on his three weeks with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm. He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure. He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire’s marriage. But even though Toby had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.

A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOV

Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holly Bible and Shakespeare. But he is best known for his science fiction stories. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.

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Asimov’s life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920. It ended in New York on 6April, 1992, when he died as a result of an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.

When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one-year-old sister to New York City. There his parents bought a candy store which they ran for the next 40 or so years. At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started working part-time in the store. He helped out through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master’s degree in chemistry. In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years. In 1948 he got his PhD in chemistry. The next year he became a biochemistry teacher a Boston University School of Medicine. In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full-time writer.

It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. He had told a friend two chapters of a story he had written. The friend thought he was retelling a story from a book. This really surprised Asimov and from that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer. Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939. In 1950 he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book.

Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science fiction books and his science books. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future. These books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future. He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot (1950), in which he developed a set of three “laws” for robots.

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For example, the first law states that a robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured. Some of his ideas about robots later influenced other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence..

Asimov was married twice. He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter. Their marriage lasted 31 years. Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.

Unit 3

OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE

I was 16 when I began work in June1902 at the whaling station. I had heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales. I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my won eyes many times.

On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. It was black and white and fish-shaped. But I knew it wasn’t a fish.

“That’s Old Tom, the killer,” one of the whalers. George, called out to me. “He’s telling us there’s a whale out there for us.”

Another whaler yelled out, “Rush-oo…rush-oo.” This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.

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“Come on, Clancy. To the boat,” George said as he ran ahead of me. I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on, I raced after him.

Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.

Using a telescope we could see that something was happening. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.

“What’re they doing?” I asked George.

“Well, it’s teamwork- the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow-hole to stop it breathing. And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea,” George told me, pointing towards the hunt. And just at that moment, the most extraordinary thing happened. The killers started racing between our boat and the shale just like a pack of excited dogs.

Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it at the whale. He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. The men started turning the boat around to go home.

“What’s happened?” I asked. “Have we lost the whale?”

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“Oh no,” Jack replied. “We’ll return tomorrow to bring in the body. It won’t float up to the surface for around 24 hours.” “ In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue,” added Red, laughing.

● ● ●

Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters, they never harmed or attacked people. In fact, they protected them. There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.

“ Man overboard! Turn the boat around!” urged George, shouting loudly.

The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark.

“Look, there’s a shark out there,” I screamed.

“Don’t worry, Old Tom won’t let it near, “Red replied.

It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I couldn’t believe my eyes.

There were shouts of “Well done, Old Tom” and “Thank God” as we pulled James back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale.

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A NEW DIMENSION OF LIFE

19th January

I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day-a day of pure magic! I went snorkeling on the reef offshore this morning and it was the most fantastic thing I have ever done. Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up. It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life.

The first thing I become aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me-purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. The corals were fantastic-they were shaped like fans, plates, brains. Lace, mushrooms, the branches of trees and the horns of deer. And all kinds of small, neat and elegant fish were swimming in and around the corals.

The fish didn’t seem to mind me swimming among them. I especially loved the little orange and white fish that hid in the waving long thin seaweed. And I also loved the small fish that clean the bodies of larger fish-I even saw them get inside their mouths and clean their teeth! It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight: the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth; a yellow-spotted red sea-slug was sliding by a blue sea-star: a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.

There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to-an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with only its head showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish ( or my tasty toe!); and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.

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Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral. I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!

The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. It marked a boundary and I thought I was very brave when I swam over the edge of the reef and hung there looking down into the depths of the ocean. My heart was beating wildly- I felt very exposed in such deep clear water.

What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! And what a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!

Unit 4

A LETTER HOME

Dear Rosemary,

Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive. It was wonderful to hear from you. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.

You asked about my high school. Well, it’s a bush school- the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.

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There’s no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, I’ve become more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket! The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.

You asked whether I’m getting to know any local people. Well, that’s actually quite difficult as I don’t speak much of the local English dialect yet. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. It was my first visit to a remote village. We walked for two and a half hours to get there- first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying”ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe’s.

Tombe’s father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo but with grass sticking out of the roof- this shows it is a man’s house. The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.

There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut,. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The

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only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.

Outside Mukap was building a fire. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato) corn and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. I sniffed the food; it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.

Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway. I was puzzled. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they don’t waste anything.

We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.

It’s getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow’s lessons and do some paperwork. Please write soon.

Love,

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THE WORLD’S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE

Would you like to donate an unusual gift? Then this is the catalogue for you. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.

Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.

When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. You can use the cards for any special occasion- weddings, births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries, etc.

Unit 5

KEEP IT UP, XIE LEI

Chinese student fitting in well

Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. “After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.

Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification. She

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is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. Xie Lei highly recommends it. “The preparation course is most beneficial,” she said. “Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.”

“It’s not just study that’s difficult. You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,” explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again. “Sometimes I felt like a child,” she said. “I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn’t know the English for. When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn’t always understand. They don’t talk like they do on our listening tapes,” she said, laughing.

Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice. Although some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to board with English families. Living with host family, in which there many be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. “When I hear an idiom that I don’t understand, I can ask my host family for help,” explains Xie Lei. “Also, when I miss my family, it’s a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.”

Xie Lei’s preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university. “I remember the first essay I did for my tutor,” She told me. “I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First of all, he told me, I couldn’t write what other people had said without acknowledging them.

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Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyze what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I’d read! At first I lacked confidence, but now I’m beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.”

Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. “I’ve just got one more thing to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs. Hopefully I’ll make some new friends.”

We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.

Peru

Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast; and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the high plans area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.

Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards. Peru finally gained its independence

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from Spain in 1821. The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast. The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes. It is a popular tourist destination as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu. Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns, where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen.

Peru

Peru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and centuries-old Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline. TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. The following tours are based at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.

Tour 1

Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up. During this four-day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuzco.

Tour 2

A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside. From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicava, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people. These floating islands and the Uros Indian’s houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake. A full-day stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life. Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.

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Tour 3

Spend four days high in the Andes at Cuzco. Learn about its history and visit the museums. Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colorful markets. Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.

Tour 4

A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle. From here you’ll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area. From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.

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