段落汉译英(中国历史、文化、社会、经济参考词汇)

中国历史与文化

京剧 Peking opera

秦腔 Qin opera

功夫 太极 口技 木偶戏 皮影戏 折子戏 杂技 相声 刺绣 泥人 Kung fu

Tai chi

ventriloquism

puppet show

shadow play

opera highlights

acrobatics

witty dialogue comedy

embroidery

clay figure

书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting

中国结 Chinese knot

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火药 gunpowder

印刷术 printing

造纸术 paper-making

指南针 the compass

青铜器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain；china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝 cloisonné

秋千 swing

武术 martial arts

儒家思想 Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

道教 Taoism

墨家 Mohism

法家 Legalism

佛教 Buddhism

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子 Chuang Tzu

墨子 Mo Tzu

孙子 Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝（笔墨纸砚） the Four Treasures of the Study

(brush, ink, stick, paper, and ink stone)

《大学》 The Great Learning

《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》 The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

《孙子兵法》The Art of War

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游记》 Journey to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals

《史记》Historical Records

《诗经》The Books of Songs

《易经》The I Ching;；The Books of Changes

《礼记》The Books of Rites

《三字经》There-character Scriptures

八股文eight-part essay

五言绝句five-character quatrain

七言律诗seven-character octave

旗袍 cheongsam

中山装Chinese tunic suit

唐装 Tang suit

风水 Fengshui；geomantic omen

阳历 Solar calendar

阴历 Lunar calendar

闰年 leap year

十二生肖 zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival

元宵节the Lantern Festival

清明节the Tomb-sweeping Festival

端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival

中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day

重阳节the Double-ninth Day

七夕节the Double-seventh Day

春联 spring couplets

庙会 temple fair

爆竹 firecracker

年画 （traditional）New Year pictures

压岁钱 New Year gift-money

舞龙 dragon dance

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯 festival lantern

灯谜 lantern riddle

舞狮 lion dance

踩高跷 stilt walking

赛龙舟 dragon boat race

胡同 hutong

山东幕 Shangdong cuisine

川菜 Sichuan cuisine

粤菜 canton cuisine

扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine

月饼 moon cake

年糕 rice cake

油条 deep-fried dough sticks

豆浆 soybean milk

馒头 steamed buns

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

包子 steamed stuffed buns

北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck

拉面 hand-stretched noodles

馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)

豆腐 tofu；bean curd

麻花 fried dough twist

烧饼 clay oven rolls

皮蛋 100-year egg；century egg

蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg

糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks

火锅 hot pot

长城 the Great Wall of China

烽火台 beacon tower

秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang

兵马俑 Terra cotta Warriors and Horses

大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda

丝绸之路 the Silk Road

敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes

华清池 huaqing Hot Springs

五台山 Wutai Mountain

九华山 jiuhua Mountain

峨眉山 Mount Emei

泰山 Mount Tai

黄山 Mount Huangshan；the yellow Mountain

故宫 the Imperial Palace

天坛 the Temple of Heaven

午门 Meridian Gate

大运河 Grand Canal

护城河 the Moat

回音壁 Echo Wall

居庸关 Juyongguan Pass

九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi

十三陵 the Ming Tombs

苏州园林 Suzhou Gardens

西湖 West Lake

九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley

日月潭 Sun Moon Lake

布达拉宫 Potala Palace

鼓楼 drum tower

四合院 quadrangle；courtyard complex

孔庙 Confiicius Temple

乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha

十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

喇嘛 Lama

转世灵通 reincamated soul boy

中药 traditional Chinese medicine

针灸 acupuncture

《黄帝内经》 Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional

《神农本草经》 Shennong’s Herbal Classic

《本草纲目》 Compendiwn of Materia Medica

推拿 medical massage

切脉 feeling the pulse

五禽戏 five-animal exercises

旧石器时代 the Paleolithic age

新石器时代 the Neolithic Age；New Stone Age

母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society

封建的 feudal

朝代 dynasty

秦朝 Qin Dynasty

汉朝 Han Dynasty

唐朝 Tang Dynasty

宋朝 Song Dynasty

元朝 Yuan Dynasty

明朝 Ming Dynasty

清朝 Qing Dynasty

秦始皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang；the First Emperor of Qin

皇太后 Empress Dowager

成吉思汗 Genghis Khan

汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang，Emperor Hangaozu，founder of the Han Dynasty

春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period

文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng

慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi

皇帝，君主 emperor；monarch

诸侯 vassal

皇妃 imperial concubine

丞相，宰相 prime minister

太监 court eunuch

少数民族 ethnic minority

祭祀 offer sacrifices

西域 the Western Regions

战国 the Warring States

中华文明 Chinese civilization

文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization

鸦片战争 the Opium War

秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang

太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

戊戌变法 the Reform Movement of 18

辛亥 the 1911 Revolution

新民主主义 New-democratic Revolution

五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919

南昌 Nanchang Uprising

918事变 September 18th Incident

长征 the Long March

西安事变 Xi’an Incident

南京大 Nanjing Massacre

Mao Tse –tong

抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan

孙中山 Sun Yat-sen

蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek

Kuomingtang

满族 Manchu

中华人民共和国 The People's Republic of China

蒙古人 Mongol

士大夫 scholar-officials

学者 scholar

政治家 statesman

社会地位 social status

中国社会

多元文化论 cultural pluralism

文化适应 acculturation

社会保障 social security

独生子女 the only child in a family

搬迁户 a relocated unit or household

班车 shuttle bus

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age

青年 single parent

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service

民工 migrant laborers

名人 celebrity

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor

青春期 puberty

全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign

全国人口普查nationwide census

社会保障 social insurance

暂住证 temporary residence permit/card

青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency

性骚扰 sexual harassment

走私 smuggling

性别歧视 gender/sexual nationwide

年龄歧视 age nationwide

工作歧视 job nationwide

享乐主义 hedonism

文盲 illiteracy

分化 disparity between the rich and the poor

盗版 pirated/illegal copies

一国两制 One Country，Two Systems

三个代表 the There Represents Theory

南南合作 South- South Cooperation

Two Conferences

南北对话 South-south Dialog

常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee

法制观念 awareness of law

改革开放 reform and opening-up

法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system

公务员 civil servants

官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work

和谐并存 harmonious coexistence

计划生育 family planning

计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning

精神文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization

居委会 neighborhood committee

可持续发展 sustainable development

科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education

廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency

cross-straits relations

两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations

领土完整 territorial integrity

民族精神 national spirit

普选制 general election system

求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences

NPC member

小康社会 a well-off society

物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization

小康水平 a well-off standard

一个中国原则 the one-China principle

与时俱进 keep pace with the times

综合国力 overall national strength

共同愿望 common desire

“走出去”战略 going global

不结盟 non-alignment

单边主义 unilateralism

多变 multilateralism

多极世界 multi-polar world

人口老龄化 aging of population

人口出生率 birth rate

社区服务 community service

道德法庭 court of ethics

盗用 embezzlement

成人夜校 night school for adults

在职进修班 on-job training courses

充电 update one’s knowledge

政治思想教育 political and ideological education

初等教育 elementary education

大学城 college town

大学社区 college community

高等教育 higher education

高等教育“211 工程” the“211 Project”for higher education

高等学府 institution of higher education

综合性大学 comprehensive university

文科院校 colleges of（liberal）arts

理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering

师范学院 teachers’ college；normal college

高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高校扩招 the college expansion pian

高考 （university/college）entrance examination

教育界 education circle

教育投入 input in education

九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

课外活动 extracurricular activities

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional courses

基础课 basic courses

专业课 specialized courses

课程表 school schedule

教育大纲 teaching program；syllabus

学习年限 period of schooling

学历 record of formal schooling

学分 credit

启发式教学 heuristic teaching

人才交流 talent exchange

人才战 competition for talented people

商务英语证书 Business English Certificate（BEC)

适龄儿童入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age

升学率 proportion of student entering schools of a higher grade；enrollment rate

硕博连读 a continuous academic project that involved postgraduate and doctoral study

素质教育 quality-oriental education

填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching

希望工程 Project Hope

走读生 extern；non-resident student

住宿生 boarder

研究生 graduate student；post-graduate（student）

应届毕业生 graduating student；current year’s graduate

毕业生分配 graduate placement；assignment of graduate

校园数字化 campus digitalization

校园文化 campus culture

学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese

学历教育 education with record of formal schooling

学龄儿童 school-ager

学前教育 preschool education

学生减负 alleviate the burden on student

应试教育 exam-oriental education

职业道德 work ethics；professional ethics

记者招待会 press conference

国家教委 State Education Commission

国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau

职业培训 job training

职业文盲 functional illiterate

智力引进 recruit/introduce（foreign）talents

智商 intelligence quotient（IQ)

助学行动 activity to assist the impoverished students

网络世界 cyber world

网络文化 cyber culture

网络犯罪 cyber crime

网上购物 online shopping

高产优质 high yield and high quality

高科技园 high-tech park

工业园区 industrial park

火炬计划 Torch Program（a plan to develop new and high technology）

信息港 info poet

信息information revolution

电子货币 e-currency

人工智能 artificial intelligence（AI)

生物技术 bio-technology

克隆 cloning

基因工程 genetic engineering

转基因食品 genetically modified food（GM food）

基因突变 genetic mutation

网络出版 e-publishing

三维电影 three-dimensional movie

光谷 optical valley

虚拟银行 virtual bank

信息化 informationization

信息高速公路 information superhighway

新兴学科 new branch of science；emerging discipline nanometer

纳米 nanometer

个人数字助理 personal digital assistant（PDA)

生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture

技术密集产品 technology-intensive product

数码科技 digital technology

同步卫星 geostationary satellite

神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V

风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite

登月舱 lunar module

多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite（SMMS)

多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service（MMS）

电子商务 e-business；e-commerce

电子管理 e-management

办公自动化 Office Automation(OA)

信息高地 information highland

信息检索 information retrieval

电话会议 teleconference

无土栽培 soilless cultivation

超级杂交水稻 super-hybrid rice

科技发展 scientific and technological advancement

重点项目 key project

国家重点工程 national key project

南水北调 South-to-North water diversion

西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project

西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project

网络造谣 fabricating online rumors

停止服务 closure/shutdown of service

恶意侵害他人名誉 maliciously harming the reputation of others

公司歇业 closure of business

道路封闭 road closure

人为操作差错 man-made operational mistakes

生态系统 ecosystem

森林生态系统 forest ecosystem

海洋生态系统 manne ecosystem

垄断价格 to monopolize the price

垄断市场 to monopolize/forestall/captive/corner the market

限构思用汽车 to curb the purchase of vehicles for private use

汽车限购vehicle purchase restrictions

车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates

拍照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system

黑名单制度 a blacklist system

二代身份证 2nd-generation ID cards

执业医师 practicing physician ; licensed doctor

防伪技术 anti-forgery technology

非法交易 illegal transaction

冒名顶替 identification fraud

洗钱 money laundering

挂失 to report the loss

补办 to re-apply/post-register

户籍 household registration

居住证 residence permit

山洪暴发 flash floods

水位 water level

低洼地区 low-lying areas

淹没农田 to inundate crops

大桥垮塌 bridge collapse

直接经济损失 direct economic loss

最严重受灾地区 worst-hit/worst-stricken area

应急系统 emergency response system

闯红灯 running red light

遮挡、污损牌号 blocking or defacing license plates

扣分处罚 point penalty

酒驾 drunk driving

终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving

中国经济

总需求 aggregate demand

总供给aggregate supply

企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture

企业形象 corporate image（CI）；enterprise image

公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprising spirit；pioneering spirit

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise

猪头公司 head-hunter

假日经济 holiday economy

人力资源 human capital

航空和航天工业 aerospace industry

飞机制造工业 aircraft industry

电子工业 electronic industry

汽车制造工业 car industry

娱乐业 entertainment industry

信息产业 information industry

轻工业 light industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned en

业 lottery industry

制造业 manufacturing industry

垄断行业 monopoly industry

市场多元化 market diversification

市场经济market economy

市场监督 market supervision

购买力 purchasing power

熊市 bear market

牛市 bull market

城镇化 urbanization

房地产 real estate

首付 down-payment

业主 home owner

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan

经济全球化economic globalization

经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ）

经济增长 economic growth

bubble economy

关税 tariff

纳税人 tax payer

宏观经济 macro economy

货币投放量 the size of money supply

流动性过剩 excess liquidity

经济过热 overheated economy

通货膨胀 inflation

抑制通货膨胀 curb inflation

注入流动性 to inject liquidity

贴现率 discount rate

存款准备金率 reverse requirement ratio(RRR)

公开市场业务 open market operation(OMO)

逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本 to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level

稳健的货币 prudent monetary policy

硬着陆 hard landing

软着陆 soft landing

二十国集团 Group of Twenty

财政 Finance Minister

全年预期经济增长目标 the expected growth for the whole year

经济活力 economic vitality

结构改革 structural reform

大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package

硬资产 hard assets

软资产 soft assets

有型资产 tangible assets

经济走廊 economic corridor

整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order

反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly

定价浮动 price fluctuations

债务审计 audit of debt

谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit

地方性债务 local government debt/liability

公共财政改革 an overhaul of the public finance system

债务管理 debt management

信用支持 credit support