不定式和动名词

后面常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：

hope to do sth 希望去做某事 wish to do sth希望去做某事

expect to do sth 希望去做某事 agree to do sth答应去做某事

promise to do sth 答应去做某事 demand to do sth要求去做某事

ask to do sth 要求去做某事 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事

manage to do sth 设法去做某事 learn to do sth学会做某事

decide to do sth 决定做某事 pretend to do sth假装去做某事

chooseto do sth 选择做某事 intend to do sth打算做某事

offer to do sth 提出去做某事 plan to do sth计划去做某事

apply e to do sth 申请去做某事 fail to do sth做某事失败

afford to do sth 负担去做某事 prepare to do sth准备去做某事

happen to do sth 碰巧去做某事

英语中能接不定式作宾语的主要动词口诀（25个主要动词）

三个希望两答应，hope, wish, expect, agree, promise

两个要求莫拒绝。 demand, ask, refuse

设法学会做决定， manage, learn, decide/determine

不要假装在选择。 pretend, choose/select

打算提出俩计划， intend, offer, plan, mean

申请失败负担起， apply, fail, afford

准备愿望又碰巧。 prepare, desire, happen

I hoped to have seen you in Paris last week.我原指望上星期能在巴黎见到你。

I wish to be forever with him. 我希望能永远和他在一起。

I expect to see you soon.我期盼着能马上见到你。

Sally agreed to be my date tonight. 莎丽同意今晚跟我出去约会。

She promised to be a film star. 她有希望成为一名电影明星。

I demand to know why he had done it. 我要求知道他为什麽做出这种事。

Everyone asks to have a sweet life. 每一个人都要求拥有甜蜜的生活。

This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact .

这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。

We finally managed to get there in time. 最后，我们设法及时赶到了那里。

Anyone can learn to speak English. 任何人都可以学着说英语。

I decided to conquer English from today! 我决定从今天开始攻克英语！

Jim has determined to work harder than before. 吉姆下决心比从前更努力工作。

She pretended to be happy when she saw her father. 她看到她爸爸的时候假装高兴的样子。

Can you choose to fall? 你真能选择堕落吗?

I intend to improve my English test, because it is very bad. 我打算提高我的英语成绩，因为老是考得很糟糕。

Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要教鱼游泳(不要班门弄斧)。

I plan to translate the novel. 我计划要翻译这篇小说。

I did not mean to hurt your feelings. 我没有想要伤害你的感情。

International students can also apply to become resident assistants after a year in the dorms.

国际学生也可以在宿舍住满一年后申请成为居民助理的。

He failed to seize the opportunity . 他没有把握住那个机会。

How can he afford to go abroad every year? 他怎么能支付得起每年出国的费用？

Do you prepare to accept the challenge? 你做好准备接受挑战了吗？

Every man desires to live long, but no man would be old. 人人都希望长寿，但没人愿意变老。

I happen to have an honest partner.我碰巧有一个忠实的好搭档。

后面只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：

下面的顺口溜有助于记忆：

喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy，consider，escape，avoid）

停止，放弃太冒险（stop，give up，risk）

反对想象莫推延（mine，imagine，delay，put off）

要求完成是期望（require，finish，look forward to.）

建议继续勤练习（suggest，goon，practise）

不禁原谅要坚持（can‘t help，excuse，insist on）

继续注意使成功（keep on，mind，succeed in）

一、 有些动词或形容词后面接动名词（Ving）作宾语，有些动词后面接不定式形式作宾语（如ask），还有些动词或形容词既可接不定式又可接ving形式作宾语（如forget, remember等），但是他们的含义却不相同。下面列举一些常用的动词和形容词，比较其后面接动名词和不定式作宾语的区别。

二、 1.remember和forget

三、 remember/forget +doing表示“过去已经做过”，指行为已经发生过，译为“记得做过某事/忘记做过某件事”。forget常用在“I‘ll never forget doing...”结构中。如：

四、 I’ll never forget meeting the Queen.我将永远不会忘记见过女王这件事。

五、 remember/forget +to do表示“事情要去做”，即“事情还未做”，指行为还没有发生。如：

六、 Did you remember to buy my cigarettes?你还记得给我买烟吗？

七、 2.stop

八、 stop + doing表示“停止做某件事\"。如：

九、 I really must stop smoking.我真的需要戒烟了。

十、 stop + to do表示”停下來去做某件事”，即“做某件事的过程中停下来去做另一件事情”。如：

十一、 Every hour I stop work to have a little rest.每隔一小时我就停下工作休息一会。

十二、 3.go on

十三、 go on + doing 表示“继续做同一件事情”。如：

十四、 She went on talking about her illnesses until everybody went to sleep.她继续讲她的疾病直到每个人都去睡觉了。

十五、 go on + to do 表示“继续做另外一件事”，是指停止原本手中的事，开始做另外一件事。如：

十六、 She stopped talking about her illesses and went on to tell us about all her other problems.她停止讲她的疾病，继续告诉我们她其他的所有问题。

十七、 4.regret

十八、 regret +doing 表示“对已发生的事感到遗憾（已做）”，如：

十九、 I don't regret telling her what I thought,even if it made her angry.我不后悔告诉她我所想的，即使让她生气。

二十、 regret +to do 表示“对将要做的事感到遗憾（未做）”，如：

二十一、 British Rail regret to announce that the 13.15 train for Cardiff will leave approximately thirty-seven minutes late.This delay is due to the late running of the train.英国铁路公司很遗憾的通知大家开往加地夫的13.15列车将大概晚37分钟开出。推迟的原因是列

车的晚点。

二十二、 5.allow

二十三、 allow + doing sth 用在主动语态中，allow后面不用跟宾语，译为“ 允许(做)某事”。当allow后面跟宾语时，用不定式作宾补，即“allow sb to do sth”，译为“允许某人做某事”。如：

二十四、 We don't allow smoking in the lecture room.我们不允许在讲堂里吸烟。

二十五、 We don't allow people to smoke in the lecture room.我们不允许人们在讲堂里吸烟。

二十六、 6.see，watch，hear

二十七、 see,hear,watch都是感官动词，后面接动名词（doing形式）表示“当时一瞬间的动作，部分过程”，意为“看/听/看正在干什么”；后面接不带to的动词不定式，表示“看到或听到动作的整个过程”。如：

二十八、 I looked out of the window and saw Mary crossing the road.（=She was in the middle of crossing the road）我从窗户往外看的时候，玛丽正在过马路。

二十九、 I saw Mary step off the pavement,cross the road and disappera into the post office.我看到玛丽离开人行横道，穿过马路，走进邮局不见了。（目睹了从看到marry过马路到消失的整个过程）

三十、 7.try

三十一、 try +doing 表示““尝试着干某事”“试着（用什么方法）去做某事”，指的是一种试着、做做看的做法。如：

三十二、 I tried sending her flowers ,giving her presents,writing her letters;but she still wouldn't speak to me.我尝试送她花，送她礼物，还写过信，但是她仍然不和我讲话。

三十三、 try +to do 表示“努力去做某事”、“尽力干……”，指想尽一切办法要把事情办成。如：

三十四、 I tried to write a letter ,but my hands were too cold to hold a pen.我努力去些信，但是我的手太冷了以至于不能握住钢笔。

三十五、 8.afraid

三十六、 be afraid of + doing sth 表示”担心会发生某事或某情况”，但实际上未必会发生。如：

三十七、 I don't like to drive fast because I'm afraid of crashing.(NOT... I'm afraid to crash.）我不想开太快，因为我怕撞车。

三十八、 表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事（(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢）等，可以用 be afraid +to do sth 或者 be afraid of + doing sth。如：

三十九、 I‘m not afraid of telling/ to tell her the truth.我不敢告诉她。

四十、 9.sorry

四十一、 sorry for + doing 和 sorry about +doing 表示对过去做的事情抱歉。如：

四十二、 I'm sorry for/about waking you up.(=I'm sorry that I woke you up.)我很抱歉把你吵醒了。

四十三、 sorry + 不定式的完成时态（sorry + to have+过去分词）也表示对过去做的事情感到抱歉。如：

四十四、 I‘m sorry to have woken you up.我很抱歉把你吵醒了。

四十五、 sorry + to do 表示”对正在做的事情或将要做的事情道歉“，如：

四十六、 Sorry to disturb you-could I speak to you for a moment.不好意思打扰你-我能给你说句话吗？

四十七、 10.certain和sure

be certain/sure of + doing sth 表示“句子主语的信念和感觉”，意为“（他/她）确信、自信”。如：

Before the game she felt sure of winning,but after five minutes she realized that it wasn't going to be so easy.在比赛之前，她确信自己能赢，但是5分钟后她意识到赢不是如此容易的。

be certain/sure + to do sth 表示说话人的看法，意为“一定会”、“肯定会”。如：

—“Kroftova's sure to win-the other girl hasn't got a chance.”克罗托娃一定会赢—其他

女孩子不可能有机会。

—\"Don't be so sure.”不要如此肯定。

11.like，love， hate，prefer，begin，start，attempt，intend，continue，can't bear

上述这些词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式作宾语，含义没有太大的区别。如：

I hate working/to work at weekends.我讨厌在周末工作。

She began playing/to play the guitar when she was six.当她六岁的时候，她开始弹吉他。

I intend telling her /to tell her what I think.我打算告诉她我所想的。

在英式英语中，常习惯用“like +doing sth”表示喜欢去做某事，指一种具体的行为，“like +to do sth”表示喜欢做，说明一种通常情况，一般指习惯爱好。试比较下面两个句子：

I like climbing mountains.我喜欢爬山。

I like to start work early in the morning.我喜欢早餐很早开始工作。

在\"would like，would prefer，would hate，would love\"结构后面，我们则用不定式。如：

I'd like to tell you something.我想告诉你些事情。

\"Can I give you a lift?\"\"No,thanks.I'd prefer to walk.\"\"我能为你开电梯吗？\" “不，谢谢，我喜欢走路。”

I'd love to have a coat like that.我想要件那样的外套。

试比较下面的句子：

Do you like dancing?（=Do you enjoy dancing?）你喜欢跳舞吗？

Would you like to dance?（=Do you want to dance now? 邀请）我能请你跳舞吗？

关于\"used to + to do\"和\"be used to +doing\"的区别，参考： be used to的用法，used to do的用法

⒈不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：

(1)把不定式置于句首。如：

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

①It＋be＋名词＋to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.

④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do

It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.

⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词

如：

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；

在句型④中，

常用

careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise

等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。

这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式，

如：

It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

⒉动名词作主语

Learning without practice is no good.

动名词作主语时，也常用

It句式。如：

①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing…

It's no good reading in dim light.

It's no use sitting here waiting.

②It's＋形容词＋doing

It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.

这样用的形容词有

expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式代替，如：

It'simportant for you to keep fit.

③There is no+doing

There is no saying what will happen next.

在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于\"It's impossible to…\"结构。

⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主

语经常表示抽象动

作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：

It's no good eating too much fat.

It's no good for you to eat so much fat.

②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：

It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.

二、作宾语

⒈不定式作宾语

①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。

如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,

manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，

这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。

如：

I decided to ask for my money back.

I decided that I would ask for my money back.

When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.

②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之

后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.

He feels it his duty to help the poor.

③介词but,except,besides+to do(do)

在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：

The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

⒉动名词作宾语

①以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：

admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag

ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如：

I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.

You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.

②动名词作介词的宾语

I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.

What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

动名词前的介词有时可以省略，

如：

have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no

ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。

⒊部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：

begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。

在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，

如：

Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like

接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。

在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：

①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：

I'd like to have a cup of coffee.

②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，

如：

Thestudents are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.

③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，

如：

I soon began to understand what was happening.

⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：

Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.

Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.

⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。

①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：

Don't forget fo post the letter for me.

Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

Remember to close the windows before you leave.

I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

②mean to do 打算做某事

mean doing 意味着……

I meant to catch up with the early bus.

This means wasting a lot of money.

③try to do 设法尽力做某事

try doing 试着做某事

You should try to overcome your shortcomings.

Try working out the physics problem in another way.

④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）

stop doing 停止做某事

On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.

You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.

⑤can't help doing 禁不住……

can't help to do不能帮助干……

They couldn't help jumping up at the news.

Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can't help to make up the room for you.

⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事

go on doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续

He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。

We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.

⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）

leave off doing停下某事

It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.

They left off to go fishing.

三、做表语

不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.

③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.

当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是

aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以

what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。

④Our work is serving the people.

⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.

⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.

④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是

现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。

四、作定语

⒈不定式作定语

不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：

①The next train to arrive is from Washington.

②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?

③Do you have anything to say on the question?

④Would you please give me some paper to write on?

⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.

不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：

(1)表示将来的动作（例①）

。

(2)

与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）

(3)

与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管

有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）

；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用

被动语态（例②）

(4)

不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①

to arrive=that will arrive

。

⒉动名词作定语

①This passage can be used as listening materials.

②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.

③All moving bodies have energy.

①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来……的；第③句为现在分词作定语，单个

分词作定语常置于

被修饰词之前，与被修饰词之间，可构成逻辑上的主谓关系，分词短语

作定语常置于被修饰词之后。如：

The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.

五、不定式作补足语

⒈作宾语补足语

一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特

征，这时意思才相对完整。

(1)

常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：

allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive

（强迫）

，

encourage,

expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn,

wish

等。如：

①

Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?

②

I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.

(2)

部分动词后常接

to

be

＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时

to

be

可省略，如：

believe,consider,discov

er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),underst

a nd

等。

①

We all believe John(to be)honest.

②

I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.

但当不定式是完成式时，

to

不能省略，如：

We consider him tohave been foolish.

(3)

感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略

to

①

I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.

②

They make the students do too much homework every day.

这种句式在变为被动语态时，

to

不能省略，

如第②句：

Thestudents are made to do too much Homework every day.

(4)help,know

后面的

\"to\"

可有可无。如：

Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform?

I've never known her(to)be late before.

但：

He was known to have been to France before.

(5)

部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：

You may depend on them to be there early.

The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.

常这样用的短语动词有：

ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for

（

渴望）

，

prepare for,wish for

等。

⒉作主语补足语

不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：

①

He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.

②

The young university student is considered to have great promise.

六、不定式作状语

⒈作目的状语

(1)

①

I stayed there to see what would happen.

②

Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor.

(2)

有时为了强调，不定式前可加

in order

或

so as

。如：

Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it.

有时为强调目的状语可把

in order to

或不定式置于句首，但

so as to

不能这样用。在这种

句式中不定式部

分可转换为

so that,in order that,

成为目的状语从句，如：

I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen.

(3)

在

部

分

表

示

感

情

色

彩

的

形

容

词

、

过

去

分

词

或

动

词

之

后

可

接

不

定

式

，

如

：

astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised

等。

①

We are glad to hear the news.

②

I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.

在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻

辑宾语。如：

The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer.

The room is really comfortable to live in.

常这样用的形容词有：

comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible

等。

⒉作结果状语

We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.

不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：

①

so…as to;such…as to

I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.

我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。

I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.

②

enough…to

The speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner.

③

only to

Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital.

④

too…to

I'm too tired to stay up longer.

但在下列结构中，

too…to

并非是

“

太

……

而不能

……”

之意。如：

①

I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.

考试及格我太高兴了。

（

too

修饰

glad to have…

，相当

于

very

）

②

We have too much to learn.

我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）

。

⒊不定式短语还可作成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：

To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome.

常见的短语有

to be exact

（确切地说）

，

to begin with

（首先）

，

to do him justice

（说句对他

公道的

话）

，

to be sure

（真的）等等。

七、动词不定式、动名词的其它用法

⒈疑问词＋不定式结构

疑问词

who,what,which,when,where,whether,how

后可接不定式构成不定式短语，

在句中作

主语、宾语、表

语等。如：

①

When to leave for London has not been decided yet.

②

Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.

③

I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.

④

The question was where to get the medicine needed.

以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①

When

we

shall

leave…

③

…how I

could learn…

经

常

在

这

种

结

构

中

使

用

的

动

词

有

：

consider,decide,discover,explain,find

out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder

等。

⒉动词不定式的时态、语态

(1)

时态

①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如：

I hope to become a university student this year.

（

tobecome

发生在

hope

之后）

We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.

（

play

和

hear

同时发生）

②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

We are too young to have seen the old society.

③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：

The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in.

They seemed to be discussing something important.

(2)

语态

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动

语态形式。如：

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.

（不定式作主语）

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.

（不定式作主语）

I wish to be sent to work in the country.

（不定式作宾语）

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?

（不定式作定语）

He went to the hospital to be examined.

（不定式作状语）

在

There be

结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：

There are still many

things

to

t

ake

care

of

(to

be

taken

care

of).

但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：

These

is

nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do

nothing now.)

⒊动名词的时态、语态

(1)

时态

①一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可与谓语动词同时发生，或发

生在谓语动作之前、之后。如：

We are interested in collecting stamps.

I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the firsttime.

We are not afraid of dying.

②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

Lmagine having travelled on the moon.

We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.

(2)

被动语态

①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态，动名

词的被动语态有一

般式与完成式之分。如：

The young man came in without being noticed.

He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.

②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式，但表示被动意义。如：

The bike needs repairing.

If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well.

⒋在口语中，为避免重复，常用

\"to\"

代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把

to

省略。如：

①

—

Did you go to visit the Great Wall?

—

No,I wanted to,but there wasn't enough time.

②

—

Would you like to come to a party?

—

I'd love to.

③

—

Don't make any mistakes in your homework,will you?

—

I'll try not to.

④

—

Try to be back by 12,won't you?

—

OK,I'll try.

另外，

be going to,ought to,used to

等也常用于这一结构中。

⒌在

why

引起的问句中，省略

\"to\"

。如：

Why spend such a lot of money?

Why not wait for a couple of days?

⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加

\"to\"

。如：

It's quite necessary for us to read more and have morepractice.

⒎

\"to\"

在下列短语中是

“

介词

”

，后接动名词或名词形式。如：

devote…to,face up to

（勇敢地面对）

，

look forward to

（盼望）

，

object to

（反对）

，

take to

（养

成习惯，对

……

感兴趣；开始从事某种活动）

，

be used to

（习惯于）等。