如何快速使用mysqlreplicate搭建MySQL主从

简介

mysql-utilities工具集是一个集中了多种工具的合集，可以理解为是DBA的工具箱，本文介绍利用其中的mysqlreplicate工具来快速搭建MySQL主从环境。

HE1:192.168.1.248 slave

HE3:192.168.1.250 master

实战

Part1:安装mysql-utilities

[root@HE1 ~]# tar xvf mysql-utilities-1.5.4.tar.gz

[root@HE1 ~]# cd mysql-utilities-1.5.4

[root@HE1 mysql-utilities-1.5.4]# python setup.py build

[root@HE1 mysql-utilities-1.5.4]# python setup.py install

Part2:基本使用方式

[root@HE1 ~]# mysqlreplicate --help
MySQL Utilities mysqlreplicate version 1.5.4 
License type: GPLv2
Usage: mysqlreplicate --master=root@localhost:3306 --slave=root@localhost:3310 --rpl-user=rpl:passwd 
mysqlreplicate - establish replication with a master
Options:
 --version show program's version number and exit
 --help display a help message and exit
 --license display program's license and exit
 --master=MASTER connection information for master server in the form:
 <user>[:<password>]@<host>[:<port>][:<socket>] or
 <login-path>[:<port>][:<socket>] or <config-
 path>[<[group]>].
 --slave=SLAVE connection information for slave server in the form:
 <user>[:<password>]@<host>[:<port>][:<socket>] or
 <login-path>[:<port>][:<socket>] or <config-
 path>[<[group]>].
 --rpl-user=RPL_USER the user and password for the replication user
 requirement, in the form: <user>[:<password>] or
 <login-path>. E.g. rpl:passwd
 -p, --pedantic fail if storage engines differ among master and slave.
 --test-db=TEST_DB database name to use in testing replication setup
 (optional)
 --master-log-file=MASTER_LOG_FILE
 use this master log file to initiate the slave.
 --master-log-pos=MASTER_LOG_POS
 use this position in the master log file to initiate
 the slave.
 -b, --start-from-beginning
 start replication from the first event recorded in the
 binary logging of the master. Not valid with --master-
 log-file or --master-log-pos.
 --ssl-ca=SSL_CA The path to a file that contains a list of trusted SSL
 CAs.
 --ssl-cert=SSL_CERT The name of the SSL certificate file to use for
 establishing a secure connection.
 --ssl-key=SSL_KEY The name of the SSL key file to use for establishing a
 secure connection.
 --ssl=SSL Specifies if the server connection requires use of
 SSL. If an encrypted connection cannot be established,
 the connection attempt fails. By default 0 (SSL not
 required).
 -v, --verbose control how much information is displayed. e.g., -v =
 verbose, -vv = more verbose, -vvv = debug
 -q, --quiet turn off all messages for quiet execution.

Part3:主库准备

主库创建复制用户

[root@HE3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23329
Server version: 5.7.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'mysync'@'%' identified by 'MANAGER';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Part4:一键配置

从库进行配置主从执行如下命令
[root@HE1 ~]# mysqlreplicate --master=sys_admin:MANAGER@192.168.1.250:3306 --slave=sys_admin:MANAGER@192.168.1.248:3306 --rpl-user=mysync:MANAGER -b
WARNING: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# master on 192.168.1.250: ... connected.
# slave on 192.168.1.248: ... connected.
# Checking for binary logging on master...
# Setting up replication...
# ...done.

检查

Part1:mysqlrplcheck检查

[root@HE1 ~]# mysqlrplcheck --master=sys_admin:MANAGER@192.168.1.250:3306 --slave=sys_admin:MANAGER@192.168.1.248:3306 -s
WARNING: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# master on 192.168.1.250: ... connected.
# slave on 192.168.1.248: ... connected.
Test Description Status
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Checking for binary logging on master [pass]
Are there binlog exceptions? [pass]
Replication user exists? [pass]
Checking server_id values [pass]
Checking server_uuid values [pass]
Is slave connected to master? [pass]
Check master information file [pass]
Checking InnoDB compatibility [pass]
Checking storage engines compatibility [pass]
Checking lower_case_table_names settings [pass]
Checking slave delay (seconds behind master) [pass]

#
# Slave status: 
#
 Slave_IO_State : Waiting for master to send event
 Master_Host : 192.168.1.250
 Master_User : mysync
 Master_Port : 3306
 Connect_Retry : 60
 Master_Log_File : mysql-bin.000003
 Read_Master_Log_Pos : 384741
 Relay_Log_File : HE1-relay-bin.000004
 Relay_Log_Pos : 384954
 Relay_Master_Log_File : mysql-bin.000003
 Slave_IO_Running : Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running : Yes
 Replicate_Do_DB : 
 Replicate_Ignore_DB : 
 Replicate_Do_Table : 
 Replicate_Ignore_Table : 
 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table : 
 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table : 
 Last_Errno : 0
 Last_Error : 
 Skip_Counter : 0
 Exec_Master_Log_Pos : 384741
 Relay_Log_Space : 1743112
 Until_Condition : None
 Until_Log_File : 
 Until_Log_Pos : 0
 Master_SSL_Allowed : No
 Master_SSL_CA_File : 
 Master_SSL_CA_Path : 
 Master_SSL_Cert : 
 Master_SSL_Cipher : 
 Master_SSL_Key : 
 Seconds_Behind_Master : 0
 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert : No
 Last_IO_Errno : 0
 Last_IO_Error : 
 Last_SQL_Errno : 0
 Last_SQL_Error : 
 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids : 
 Master_Server_Id : 1250
 Master_UUID : 1b1daad8-b501-11e6-aa21-000c29c6361d
 Master_Info_File : /data/mysql/master.info
 SQL_Delay : 0
 SQL_Remaining_Delay : None
 Slave_SQL_Running_State : Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
 Master_Retry_Count : 800
 Master_Bind : 
 Last_IO_Error_Timestamp : 
 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp : 
 Master_SSL_Crl : 
 Master_SSL_Crlpath : 
 Retrieved_Gtid_Set : 
 Executed_Gtid_Set : 
 Auto_Position : 0
 Replicate_Rewrite_DB : 
 Channel_Name : 
 Master_TLS_Version : 
# ...done.

其他常用工具

Part1:mysqldiskusage检查数据库空间大小

[root@HE1 ~]# mysqldiskusage --server=sys_admin:MANAGER@localhost
WARNING: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# Source on localhost: ... connected.
# Database totals:
+---------------------+--------------+
| db_name | total |
+---------------------+--------------+
| maxscale_schema | 14,906 |
| mysql | 14,250,013 |
| performance_schema | 818,071 |
| sys | 500,802 |
| wms | 925,929,868 |
+---------------------+--------------+
Total database disk usage = 941,513,660 bytes or 7.90 MB
#...done.

Part2:mysqlindexcheck检查冗余索引

[root@HE1 ~]# mysqlindexcheck --server=sys_admin:MANAGER@localhost wms
WARNING: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# Source on localhost: ... connected.
# The following index is a duplicate or redundant for table wms.auth_user:
#
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `index_user_name` ON `wms`.`auth_user` (`user_name`) USING BTREE
# may be redundant or duplicate of:
CREATE INDEX `user_name` ON `wms`.`auth_user` (`user_name`, `state`) USING BTREE
# The following index is a duplicate or redundant for table wms.basic_storeage_sapce:
#
CREATE INDEX `idx_store_district_space_no` ON `wms`.`basic_storeage_sapce` (`store_id`, `district_id`, `store_space_no`) USING BTREE
# may be redundant or duplicate of:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `idx_store_district_space_no_un` ON `wms`.`basic_storeage_sapce` (`store_id`, `district_id`, `store_space_no`) USING BTREE

——总结——

可以看到利用mysql-utilities工具集中的mysqlreplicate来配置MySQL主从非常简单，mysqlreplicate也提供了各类参数，本文中的-b是指使复制从主二进制日志中的第一个事件开始。mysqlrplcheck 中的-s是指输出show slave status\G的内容。由于笔者的水平有限，编写时间也很仓促，文中难免会出现一些错误或者不准确的地方，不妥之处恳请读者批评指正。